Postgenomic chemistry: New problems and challenges

Abstract

New trends in chemistry induced by genetic engineering and genomic information are analyzed. Genomic information and bioinformatics make the identification of all molecular participants of biological processes possible. The methods of identification of enzymeactive sites from sequence data were demonstrated. The problems of "chemical proteomics" were formulated and analyzed. New biocatalytic processes based on a new generation of enzymes, including CO 2 reduction and enzyme fuel cell construction, are demonstrated. It was shown that in many reactions the enzymes are substantially more efficient in comparison with classical chemical catalysts. The creation of recombinant proteins from unnatural amino acids is demonstrated, and organisms containing such proteins are described. The new trends of proteomics and bioanalytical chemistry in the postgenomic era are discussed.

Biomimetic Synthesis of a H2Catalyst Using a Protein Cage Architecture

“…Biological production of hydrogen is likely to play a key role in the emerging hydrogen economy. − In particular, a group of enzymes, hydrogenases (H 2 ases), have attracted a great deal of attention because of their ability to efficiently catalyze the reversible reduction of protons to form H 2 . While rates of up to 9000 H 2 per enzyme per second have been observed , from these enzymes, the extreme sensitivity of these enzymes to oxygen, limited expression, and difficult isolation have hindered their use as a practical means of hydrogen production.…”

Various Biomimetics as Antifungals

“…Target of action *Antifungal effect Formyl phloroglucinol meroterpenoids [106] Reducing of hyphae elongation and filamentation due to blocking of potential outflow of fungal substrates MIC50 (mg/L): C. albicans (8.7), C. glabrata (13.5) 4-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) [107] Incorporation in proteins and inhibition of cell growth In recent decades, considerable attention has been paid to the development of antimicrobial and antitumor agents in the form of natural and non-canonical amino acids derivatives [114,115]. It has been established that such unnatural amino acids can be incorporated by yeast cells into their proteins, which leads to a noticeable inhibition of cell growth (Table 5) [107].…”

Various Biomimetics, Including Peptides as Antifungals

“…Fraxinellone [113] Changes in lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA-binding activity and reduced translation EC 50 (mg/L): Alternaria longipes (64.2); Curvularia lunata (123.3) In recent decades, considerable attention has been paid to the development of antimicrobial and antitumor agents in the form of natural and non-canonical amino acid derivatives [119,120]. It has been established that such unnatural amino acids can be incorporated by yeast cells into their proteins, which leads to a noticeable inhibition of cell growth (Table 5) [110].…”