Postexercise Oxygen Uptake Recovery Delay Among Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) is often the focal point of cardiopulmonary exercise testing among patients with heart failure (HF). Breath-by-breath VO2 kinetic patterns at exercise onset, during low-level and submaximal exercise, and during recovery may provide incremental insight into HF severity and etiologies of exercise limitation. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to explore VO2 recovery delay (VO2RD) across the spectrum of left ventricular function. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using several online databases (EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed and Web of Science). Steps outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Search terms included VO2RD OR VO2 off kinetics AND HF, peak VO2 AND recovery. All articles were uploaded to Covidence. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. The definition of VO2RD varied across studies. Recovery delay was consistently observed in HF patients compared to controls indicating VO2RD discriminates between those with and without HF. Control groups showed VO2 decline almost immediately after exercise. VO2RD had a significant positive linear relationship to N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic and Doppler echo E/e' while demonstrating an inverse relationship with peak cardiac output and survival duration. Conclusions: VO2RD, unlike peak VO2, is relatively cardiospecific. Oxygen recovery kinetics offer insight into disease severity and discrimination of healthy participants from those with HF.