Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis

Levenhagen, Deanna K.; Gresham, J. D.; Carlson, Marvin P.; Maron, David J.; Borel, Myfanwy J.; Flakoll, Paul J.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.6.e982

Cited by 188 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…It is well-established in adults that the postexercise ingestion of protein is essential to maximize muscle protein synthesis (24,25,30) and increase whole body protein balance during the acute recovery period (23,25). The increase in muscle and whole body protein anabolism during this early (e.g., over 3 h) postexercise period facilitates the recovery process and can be sustained over 24 h (36,42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Moore

Volterman

Obeid

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moore DR, Volterman KA, Obeid J, Offord EA, Timmons BW. Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children. J Appl Physiol 117: 1493-1501, 2014. First published October 23, 2014 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2014.-Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body and muscle protein anabolism in adults. No study has specifically investigated the combined effects of exercise and protein ingestion on protein metabolism in healthy, physically active children. Under 24-h dietary control, 13 (seven males, six females) active children (ϳ11 yr old; 39.3 Ϯ 5.9 kg) consumed an oral dose of [ 15 N]glycine prior to performing a bout of exercise. Immediately after exercise, participants consumed isoenergetic mixed macronutrient beverages containing a variable amount of protein [0, 0.75, and 1.5 g/100 ml for control (CON), low protein (LP), and high protein (HP), respectively] according to fluid losses. Whole body nitrogen turnover (Q), protein synthesis (S), protein breakdown (B), and protein balance (WBPB) were measured throughout exercise and the early acute recovery period (9 h combined) as well as over 24 h. Postexercise protein intake from the beverage was ϳ0.18 and ϳ0.32 g/kg body mass for LP and HP, respectively. Q, S, and B were significantly greater (main effect time, all P Ͻ 0.001) over 9 h compared with 24 h with no differences between conditions. WBPB was also greater over 9 h compared with 24 h in all conditions (main effect time, P Ͻ 0.001). Over 9 h, WBPB was greater in HP (P Ͻ 0.05) than LP and CON with a trend (P ϭ 0.075) toward LP being greater than CON. WBPB was positive over 9 h for all conditions but only over 24 h for HP. Postexercise protein ingestion acutely increases net protein balance in healthy children early in recovery in a dose-dependent manner with larger protein intakes (ϳ0.32 g/kg) required to sustain a net anabolic environment over an entire 24 h period. protein synthesis; lean body mass; youth; physical activity; protein requirements PHYSICAL ACTIVITY is an essential component for the optimal growth and development of the musculoskeletal system in children. Greater levels of physical activity, especially those which are weight bearing and of higher intensity, have been associated with higher bone mineral density, lean mass, and strength in children (5,18,43). The net gain in lean mass with physical activity would require alterations in whole body protein turnover that would favor the net synthesis of body proteins, or, in other words, protein synthesis would be chronically elevated above protein breakdown.Despite the important role physical activity plays in remodeling lean tissues and enhancing lean body mass, few studies have determined the impact of specific episodes of exercise on protein metabolism in children. Whole body protein metabolism is characterized by the continuous turnover and renewal of body proteins through the simultaneous processes of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Interestingly, previous research by the Rodriguez l...

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confidence: 99%

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Moore

Volterman

Obeid

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…There are many studies on the combined effects of ingestion of protein or amino acids and timing of exercise, with many researchers reporting that ingestion of protein or amino acids directly after exercise is effective in muscle protein synthesis (12)(13)(14)(15). In addition, some studies on ingestion of proteins or amino acids prior to exercise have shown the ingestion to be effective in muscle protein synthesis (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Effect of Light Resistance Exercise after Ingestion of a High-Protein Snack on Increase of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Young Adults

Kato

Sawada

Numao

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…There is literature to support the benefits of complex protein consumption within 30 minutes of exercise for recovery [51,52]. A recent meta-analysis supports consuming adequate protein in combination with resistance exercise as the key factors for maximizing muscle protein accretion [53].…”

Section: Recommended Dietary Allowancementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Protein Intake in Athletes

Resnick¹,

Tennent²,

Patzkowski³

et al. 2015

TOJ

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Optimal protein requirements and supplementation are a topic of great interest for competitive and recreational athletes. However, there is considerable debate as to what constitutes adequate intake in sporting populations. Multiple studies have been undertaken to assess protein utilization and protein supplementation. The current consensus in the literature advocates a diet containing 1.2-1.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for strength athletes and 1.2-1.4 grams per kilogram of body weight per day for endurance athletes. Metabolic studies have shown a diet containing 2.4 grams per kilogram to be excessive. The average American diet contains more than 200% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), with some athletes consuming diets containing up to 6.4 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Given a well-balanced, calorically appropriate diet, there is no evidence to support intake above these levels. Furthermore, female athletes in particular must take care to ensure that they receive adequate protein from a balanced diet and be selective about their athletic supplementation.

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Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis

Cited by 188 publications

References 42 publications

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Chronic Effect of Light Resistance Exercise after Ingestion of a High-Protein Snack on Increase of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Young Adults

Optimal Protein Intake in Athletes

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