Postexercise Cold-Water Immersion Does Not Attenuate Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis

Gregson, Warren; Allan, Robert; Holden, Susan; Phibbs, Padraic J.; Doran, Dominic; Campbell, Iain; Waldron, Sarah; Joo, Change Hwa; Morton, James P.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182814462

Cited by 35 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ihsan et al (2014) reported that 10 min of immersion in cold water (10°C) increased mRNA expression of PGC-1α (but not VEGF or nNOS) 3 h after endurance exercise. By contrast, Gregson et al (2013) observed that 10 min of immersion in cold water (8°C) did not alter muscle glycogen resynthesis following endurance exercise. Several animal studies have demonstrated that icing after muscle injury reduces markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle (Hurme et al, 1993;Lee et al, 2005;Carvalho et al, 2010;Puntel et al, 2011;Takagi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Cold water immersion after exercise reduces peripheral hemodynamics such as muscle blood flow (Mawhinney et al, 2013), limb blood flow (Vaile et al, 2010) and muscle blood volume . Other studies have also reported that cold water immersion reduces skin, core and muscle temperature after exercise Gregson et al, 2013;Mawhinney et al, 2013;Broatch et al, 2014;Ihsan et al, 2014;Stanley et al, 2014). Previous research on the hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of cold water immersion during recovery from exercise has been restricted to intermittent or continuous cycling or running Vaile et al, 2010;Gregson et al, 2013;Mawhinney et al, 2013;Broatch et al, 2014;Ihsan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Other studies have also reported that cold water immersion reduces skin, core and muscle temperature after exercise Gregson et al, 2013;Mawhinney et al, 2013;Broatch et al, 2014;Ihsan et al, 2014;Stanley et al, 2014). Previous research on the hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of cold water immersion during recovery from exercise has been restricted to intermittent or continuous cycling or running Vaile et al, 2010;Gregson et al, 2013;Mawhinney et al, 2013;Broatch et al, 2014;Ihsan et al, 2014). Autonomic regulation of heart rate is different during recovery from endurance exercise and resistance exercise (Heffernan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Limitations of the current knowledge base is The aim of the third study was to investigate how regular use of cold water immersion following resistance exercise influences adaptation within a training environment. Only two previous investigations have investigated the efficacy of cold water immersion within a strength training environment (Yamane et al, 2006;Fröhlich et al, 2014 (Tucker et al, 2012;Gregson et al, 2013) and angiogenic and mitochondrial mRNA responses (Ihsan et al, 2014) muscle function and physiological responses after high-intensity resistance exercise. Using a randomized, cross-over design, 10 physically active men performed high-intensity resistance exercise followed by one of two recovery interventions: 1) 10 min of CWI at 10°C or 2) 10 min of active recovery (low-intensity cycling).…”

Section: Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have measured changes in muscle temperature in response to cold water immersion after various forms of exercise Gregson et al, 2013;Mawhinney et al, 2013;Broatch et al, 2014;Ihsan et al, 2014). These studies report reductions in muscle temperature below post-exercise values ranging from 3.7°C (Broatch et al, 2014) to 9.8°C (Ihsan et al, 2014).…”

Section: O N T R a C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Roberts¹

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The objective of this thesis was to examine the efficacy of cold water immersion as a recovery therapy after resistance exercise. To achieve this objective, the research had two distinct aims, (1) to investigate how cold water immersion influences acute (short-term) physiological and performance responses following a single bout of resistance exercise, and (2) to investigate how regular (longer-term) use of cold water immersion following resistance training sessions may effect training-induced adaptation.Recovery following resistance exercise is a complex, multi-faceted process that can involve the combination of a variety of recovery therapies, all with the common goal of restoring physiological and psychological homeostasis. The timing of subsequent exercise bout(s) and the desired outcome from the preceding exercise bout will heavily determine the recovery duration, and whether emphasis is placed upon a single recovery therapy over another. Cold water immersion is a popular post-exercise recovery therapy with extensive use worldwide, largely due to its simplicity, and cost-effective nature of implementation. However, the use of cold water immersion is largely supported only by anecdotal evidence from athletes and practitioners. Little physiological evidence is available as to its mechanisms of action following exercise, both in acute, and long term settings.There is a paucity of physiological knowledge available regarding post-exercise cold water immersion per se, and this is accompanied with a disparity in the reported physiological and performance responses. The degree of disparity can be attributed not only to the use of cold water immersion protocols differing in e.g. temperature (5 -15 o C), duration (5 -20 min), immersion depth (individual limb(s) compared with whole-body) and application frequency (single compared with multiple post-exercise immersions), but also to exercise protocols with varied degrees of ecological validity.In a first experimental study, detailed in chapter 2, I investigated how a bout of active recovery (stationary, low-intensity cycling) compared with a 10 min bout of CWI at 10 o C performed after a single high-intensity resistance training session in influencing physiological and performance responses over a 6-hour recovery period. Large physiological responses were observed over the initial period of recovery that could be attributed to a decrease in central (cardiac output) and peripheral (muscle artero-venous) blood flow following cold water immersion. Despite such physiological responses, participants were able to perform more work during a resistance exercise training simulation exercise when cold water immersion was used. Therefore, a second iii experimental study, detailed in chapter 3 was undertaken to more closely investigate how performing cold water immersion or active recovery after resistance exercise influence physiological responses over the initial 60 min following the recovery therapy, and how these physiological responses correspond with exercise perf...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O N T R a C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Roberts¹

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Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle

et al. 2016

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PurposeWe tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle.Method Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % , interspersed with 3-min active recovery (1.5-min at 25 % and 1.5-min at 50 % ) before undergoing CWI (10 min at 8 °C) or seated rest (CONT) in a counterbalanced, randomised manner. Study 2 Ten males underwent an identical CWI protocol under passive conditions.Results Study 1 PGC-1α mRNA increased in CONT (~3.4-fold; P < 0.001) and CWI (~5.9-fold; P < 0.001) at 3 h post-exercise with a greater increase observed in CWI (P < 0.001). VEGFtotal mRNA increased after CWI only (~2.4-fold) compared with CONT (~1.1-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Study 2 Following CWI, PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased ~1.3-fold (P = 0.001) and 1.4-fold (P = 0.0004) at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Similarly, VEGF165 mRNA was significantly increased in CWI ~1.9-fold (P = 0.03) and 2.2-fold (P = 0.009) at 3 and 6 h post-immersion.ConclusionsData confirm post-exercise CWI augments the acute exercise-induced expression of PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle compared to exercise per se. Additionally CWI per se mediates the activation of PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Cold water may therefore enhance the adaptive response to acute exercise.

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Muscle temperature kinetics and thermoregulatory responses to 42 °C hot-water immersion in healthy males and females

et al. 2020

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Postexercise Cold-Water Immersion Does Not Attenuate Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle

Muscle temperature kinetics and thermoregulatory responses to 42 °C hot-water immersion in healthy males and females

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