Posterior tibial nerve block in the therapeutic management of painful calcaneal spur (plantar fasciitis): A preliminary experience

Injection therapies for plantar fasciopathy (‘plantar fasciitis’): a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 22 randomised controlled trials

“…Then we assessed the full text of 36 articles for inclusion. Three of these articles referred to non-randomised trials40–42 and two of them were letters to the editor 43 44. One study reported the results of the same trial at a different follow-up measurement 45.…”

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Chronic Proximal Plantar Fasciitis: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Multicenter Intervention Trial

“…Proximal plantar fasciitis is a common complaint that confronts physicians treating the foot (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Conservative therapies for this condition include various combinations of padding, strapping, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), physical therapy, night splints, and corticosteroid injections, and these therapies, for the majority of participants, prove to be beneficial (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Nonetheless, approximately 10% of participants fail to respond satisfactorily to these conservative treatment strategies, and, for these participants, treatment options have traditionally evolved around surgical intervention for release of the plantar fascia at its attachment to the tuberosity of the calcaneus, with or without concomitant removal of a portion of the plantar calcaneus when there is radiographic evidence of a plantar calcaneal spur (14,15).…”

Ultrasound guided injection of dexamethasone versus placebo for treatment of plantar fasciitis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

“…Explanations for these counterintuitive findings include: (i) pain and paraesthesia commonly occur during a nerve block from contact between the needle tip and nerve fascicle [22, 64] and (ii) successful anaesthesia of the posterior tibial nerve is difficult to achieve, especially within a short period of time [22, 65]. In contrast, one study found that a posterior tibial nerve block effectively reduces pain during the plantar fascia injection itself [66]. Furthermore, in comparison to a landmark‐based technique, use of ultrasound guidance during regional anaesthesia has been shown to reduce the occurrence of paraesthesia and inadvertent intravascular injection, while improving block onset time and success rates [64, 67, 68].…”