Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: The Spectrum of MR Imaging Patterns

Kastrup, Oliver; Schlamann, Marc; Moenninghoff, Christoph; Forsting, M.; Goericke, Sophia L.

doi:10.1007/s00062-014-0293-7

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Kastrup et al reported that the frontal region was the area most commonly affected in a study of PRES cases. 15 The MRI brain scans of the two patients in the current report confirm this, as the frontal region was involved in both cases. Reversibility of MRI findings is suggestive of a good prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases

El-Naggari¹,

Al-Nabhani²,

Elnour³

et al. 2015

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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abstract:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition with a combination of clinical and radiological features. Clinical symptoms include headaches, confusion, seizures, disturbed vision or an altered level of consciousness. Classic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings indicate subcortical and cortical oedema, affecting mainly the posterior cerebral region. We report two paediatric cases of PRES with underlying renal diseases presenting at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, in April 2010 and August 2011. The first case was an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and the second was a six-and-a-half-year-old boy on peritoneal dialysis due to multi-drug-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Both patients were hypertensive and treated with blood pressure control medications. No residual neurological dysfunction was noted in the patients at a one-year follow-up and at discharge, respectively. The role of hypertension in paediatric PRES cases, among other important risk factors, is emphasised. Additionally, MRI is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management is fundamental to preventing permanent neurological damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases

El-Naggari¹,

Al-Nabhani²,

Elnour³

et al. 2015

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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“…Gyral and leptomeningeal enhancement was previously reported, and this was interpreted as leakage due to direct endothelial injury causing blood-brain barrier breakdown (12,13). Hefzy and his colleagues previously described three distinct types of hemorrhage, including focal minute hemorrhages, larger more typical focal hematomas, and sulcal-based subarachnoid hemorrhage (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Brain MR imaging abnormalities in pediatric patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Emad‐Eldin

Abdel-Moeti

2014

The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

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Objective: Our aim was to analyze brain MRI findings in pediatric patients who developed neurologic complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Materials and methods: This prospective study included 33 consecutive patients (age range from 3 to 18 years, mean 11.8 ± 5.1 years). They were referred to the MRI unit because of the neurological symptoms in the post transplant period. The underlying disorders included: non malignant hematological disorders (n = 20, 60.6%) and hematological malignancies (n = 13, 39.4%). Onset of the presentation of the complication in relation to the chronology of the transplant was identified in each patient (phase1: from days 0 to 30, phase 2: from days 30 to 100, and late phase after day 100). Results: According to the MRI findings 6 patients (18.2%) showed normal examinations. Twentyseven patients (81.8%) with positive MRI findings, are grouped into 7 main categories: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (n = 16, 48.48%), intracranial hemorrhage (n = 2, 6.06%), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (n = 1, 3.03%), CNS infection (n = 2, 6.06%), leukoencephalopathy (n = 5, 15.15%), mild atrophy (n = 11, 33.33%), CNS relapse (n = 1, 3.03%), with 9 patients having more than one diagnosis. Ten cases of PRES and 1 case of sinus thrombosis were detected in phase 1. Two cases of PRES and 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage were detected in phase 2. Four cases of leukoencephalopathy, 4 cases of PRES, 2 cases of CNS infection, and 1 case of CNS relapse were detected in phase 3.Conclusion: CNS complications after allogenic BMT in pediatric patients could cause a significant clinical problem. MRI can provide early diagnosis and follow-up to monitor treatment changes. Knowing the onset of the presentation of the complication in relation to the chronology of the transplant is important as it provides significant guidance on which causes to consider.

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“…It classically occurs in the cortical or subcortical regions of the dominant parieto-occipital lobes, holohemispheric watershed zones, superior frontal sulcal area, and, rarely, the brain stem or basal ganglia. 16,23,24 MR imaging typically demonstrates vasogenic edema in the subcortical white matter and cortex. Cytotoxic edema has been described in a relatively lower percentage of patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uremic Encephalopathy: MR Imaging Findings and Clinical Correlation

Kim

Lee

Song

2016

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: The Spectrum of MR Imaging Patterns

Cited by 76 publications

References 33 publications

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases

Brain MR imaging abnormalities in pediatric patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Uremic Encephalopathy: MR Imaging Findings and Clinical Correlation

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