Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in an HIV-1 infected patient with disseminated varicella zoster virus: a case report

Sasson, Sarah C.; Oon, Aileen; Chagantri, Joga; Brew, Bruce J.; Carr, Andrew

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-396

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other reports include posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome [530], CLIPPERS syndrome [531], and fatal meningo-encephalomyelitis [532]. Again, those affected are generally immunocompromised [9, 10], although accruing evidence suggests that such complications affect young and/or immunocompetent individuals more often than was supposed [521, 533–538].…”

Section: Complicating Presentations and Disease Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent viral disease that inflicts substantial morbidity and associated healthcare and socioeconomic burdens. Current treatments are not fully effective, especially among the most vulnerable patients. Although widely recommended, vaccination against HZ is not routine; barriers in Asia-Pacific include long-standing neglect of adult immunisation and sparse local data. To address knowledge gaps, raise awareness, and disseminate best practice, we reviewed recent data and guidelines on HZ from the Asia-Pacific region.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and World Health Organization databases for articles about HZ published from 1994 to 2014 by authors from Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. We selected articles about epidemiology, burden, complications, comorbidities, management, prevention, and recommendations/guidelines. Internet searches retrieved additional HZ immunisation guidelines.ResultsFrom 4007 retrieved articles, we screened-out 1501 duplicates and excluded 1264 extraneous articles, leaving 1242 unique articles. We found guidelines on adult immunisation from Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand.HZ epidemiology in Asia-Pacific is similar to elsewhere; incidence rises with age and peaks at around 70 years – lifetime risk is approximately one-third. Average incidence of 3–10/1000 person-years is rising at around 5% per year. The principal risk factors are immunosenescence and immunosuppression. HZ almost always causes pain, and post-herpetic neuralgia is its most common complication. Half or more of hospitalised HZ patients have post-herpetic neuralgia, secondary infections, or inflammatory sequelae that are occasionally fatal. These disease burdens severely diminish patients’ quality of life and incur heavy healthcare utilisation.ConclusionsSeveral countries have abundant data on HZ, but others, especially in South-East Asia, very few. However, Asia-Pacific countries generally lack data on HZ vaccine safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Physicians treating HZ and its complications in Asia-Pacific face familiar challenges but, with a vast aged population, Asia bears a unique and growing burden of disease. Given the strong rationale for prevention, most adult immunisation guidelines include HZ vaccine, yet it remains underused. We urge all stakeholders to give higher priority to adult immunisation in general and HZ in particular.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2198-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Complicating Presentations and Disease Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Hypercalcaemia has been associated with PRES in patients with HIV: an adult with MAI 5 and a child with advanced HIV. 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in disseminated histoplasmosis and advanced HIV infection

Stevenson

Taylor

2014

Int J STD AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is often multifactorial. It is uncommon in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, if the cause of PRES is left untreated it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, we believe it should be included as a differential in immunosuppressed patients presenting with neurological signs. This case report describes such a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed hypocalcaemia secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis.

show abstract

“…5,38 The syndrome is often encountered in toxemia of pregnancy (eclampsia), 22,23,34,38 chemotherapy in cancer, 9,24,39 transplantation, 15,20,29 and infection. 33,36 Common biological processes include 1) immune system activation of T cells, 2) endothelial cell activation, 3) endothelial injury, 4) vascular instability (systemic vasoconstriction), and 5) organ hypoperfusion. 4 Cerebral hypoperfusion is observed on imaging studies with symmetric vasogenic edema between the lateral and medial cerebral territory (watershed distribution).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following a thoracic discectomy–induced dural leak: case report

Shields

Johnson

Shields

2016

SPI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by headaches, altered mental status, seizures, and visual disturbances. Classic MRI findings include white matter changes of the parieto-occipital regions. This syndrome has been encountered in myriad medical illnesses, including hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and immunosuppressive conditions. While the pathogenesis of the disorder is unclear, vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion leading to brain ischemia and vasogenic edema have been implicated as potential mechanisms. The authors present, to the best of their knowledge, the first case of PRES following a thoracic spinal surgery–induced dural leak noted on resection of the fifth rib during a thoracotomy for a T4–5 discectomy. Brain MRI revealed large areas of increased FLAIR and T2 hyperintensity in the superior posterior frontal lobes, superior and medial parietal lobes, and bilateral occipital lobes. Following repair of the CSF leak, the patient's symptoms resolved. Spinal surgeons should be alert to the potentially life-threatening condition of PRES, especially in a hypertensive patient who experiences surgery-induced dural leakage. The development of a severe positional headache with neurological signs is a red flag that suggests the presence of PRES. Prompt attention to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition by repairing the dural leak via surgery or expeditious blood patch increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

show abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in an HIV-1 infected patient with disseminated varicella zoster virus: a case report

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific

Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in disseminated histoplasmosis and advanced HIV infection

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following a thoracic discectomy–induced dural leak: case report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About