“…However, it was difficult to establish the exact cause of PRES in our case, because of positive fundus examination, absence of convulsion or focal neurological deficit, presence of proteinuria and impaired renal functions, the vasogenic pattern of edema and reversible features in neuroimaging by treatment, we determined that our findings as consistent with hypertension. Diagnosis and differentiation of PRES and secondary cerebral vasculitis in IgAV, said to be difficult due to collective attribution of hypertensive or uremic encephalopathy, metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalance, impairment in auto-regulatory mechanism of cerebral circulation or side effects of steroid therapy [5,10,12,15]. To rule out possible cerebral vasculitis, we did not perform magnetic resonance angiography due to rapid clinical improvement after treatment.…”