Posterior Pituitary

Robinson, Alan G.; Verbalis, Joseph G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00010-1

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 336 publications

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“…Oxytocin (Oxt) and vasopressin (Avp) are nonapeptide hormones with a common ancestor gene. Avp is critically involved in osmoregulation and Oxt stimulates uterine contraction during parturition and milk-ejection during nursing (Robinson and Verbalis, 2003;Wakerley, 2005). In addition to these peripheral functions, Oxt and Avp have direct actions onto neurons expressing their receptors, and participate in the control of anxiety, pain and stress responses, social recognition, pair bonding, and aggression (Insel, 2010;Neumann and Landgraf, 2012;Onaka et al, 2012;Hurlemann and Grinevich, 2017;Grinevich and Neumann, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxytocin Facilitates Allomaternal Behavior under Stress in Laboratory Mice

Tsuneoka

Yoshihara

Ohnishi

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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Section: Introduction (Max 750 Words Incl Citations)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin Facilitates Allomaternal Behavior under Stress in Laboratory Mice

Tsuneoka

Yoshihara

Ohnishi

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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“…Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by the excretion of large volumes of hypotonic urine (>50 mL/kg/24 hours in adults) and thirst due to an impaired ability to concentrate urine, leading to uncontrolled diuresis, which may cause life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central DI is caused by the deficient secretion of the posterior pituitary antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). The intracranial causes of central DI are neoplastic, vascular, trauma, inflammatory, infection, and idiopathic (1,2). Nephrogenic DI occurs when the response of renal tubules to absorb water is impaired due to resistance to the effects of AVP on its receptors (1,2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intracranial causes of central DI are neoplastic, vascular, trauma, inflammatory, infection, and idiopathic (1,2). Nephrogenic DI occurs when the response of renal tubules to absorb water is impaired due to resistance to the effects of AVP on its receptors (1,2). Gestational DI is transient during pregnancy due to an increase in the metabolism of vasopressin induced by placental cysteine aminopeptidase (1,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nephrogenic DI occurs when the response of renal tubules to absorb water is impaired due to resistance to the effects of AVP on its receptors (1,2). Gestational DI is transient during pregnancy due to an increase in the metabolism of vasopressin induced by placental cysteine aminopeptidase (1,3). Primary polydipsia is a disorder caused by excessive water intake and is often observed in patients with psychogenic issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of AVP-shortage patients as candidates for low-dose oral desmopressin administration

Takeuchi¹,

Maki²,

Okuno³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by the excretion of large volumes of hypotonic urine and thirst due to an impaired ability to concentrate urine, leading to uncontrolled diuresis, which may cause life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Central DI is caused by the deficient secretion of the posterior pituitary antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). Desmopressin (Deamino-8-D-AVP, the synthetic analogue of AVP, Minirinmelt) is generally used to treat central DI. Desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets are recently administered to male patients with nocturia. We herein attempted to select male patients with an elevated nocturnal urinary frequency possibly due to a shortage of AVP. These patients may be good candidates for low-dose oral desmopressin administration. Patients and methods Serum and spot urine osmolality, electrolytes, serum creatinine, casual blood glucose, plasma brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP), and plasma AVP were measured at the same time in 97 elderly male patients with urinary symptoms under free water drinking. The International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and frequency-volume charts at least twice were also evaluated. Results A binary plot of plasma AVP and serum osmolality indicated a region at which patients had relatively lower AVP considering higher serum osmolality. It was tentatively named the Desmopressin region. Twenty out of 97 (20.6 %) patients were in the Desmopressin region. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of administered urinary drugs or existing co-morbidities between patients in the Desmopressin and non-Desmopressin regions. Daily urine output did not exceed 3 L in any patient. Plasma AVP was lower, while serum osmolality and serum sodium were higher in patients in the Desmopressin region than in those in non-Desmopressin region. Furthermore, urine osmolality was slightly lower in patients in the Desmopressin region. No significant differences were observed in urine volume, urinary frequency, or urination questionnaire scores between both groups. Conclusion AVP-shortage patients may be selected for treatment with oral desmopressin based on measurements of serum osmolality and plasma AVP. After the exclusion of patients with marked hyperglycemia, decreased cardiac, or renal function, low-dose oral desmopressin may be administered to patients with an increased urine output, nocturia, elevated plasma osmolality, and relatively low plasma AVP.

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Water and electrolyte balances in ageing

Albert¹,

McKee²

2022

Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine

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Posterior Pituitary

Cited by 12 publications

References 336 publications

Oxytocin Facilitates Allomaternal Behavior under Stress in Laboratory Mice

Oxytocin Facilitates Allomaternal Behavior under Stress in Laboratory Mice

Selection of AVP-shortage patients as candidates for low-dose oral desmopressin administration

Water and electrolyte balances in ageing

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