Posterior cricoarytenoid and diaphragm activities during tidal breathing in neonates

Kosch, P. C.; Hutchinson, A. A.; Wozniak, J. A.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Stark, Ann R.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.1968

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Although one should be cautious in applying these findings in cats to children, vagal influence on expiratory braking mechanisms is also presumed to occur in the developing human [25]. Therefore, it might be speculated that differences in tPTEF between healthy children and asthmatic children with normal lung function [1] are caused by differences in afferent sensory nerve information from the lung. )…”

Section: Influence Of Afferent Vagus Nerve Information On Tptefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to peak tidal expiratory flow and the neuromuscular control of expiration

Ent

Grinten²,

Meessen³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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aaTidal breathing analysis is used as a tool to quantify airway obstruction in infants and children. The ratio of the time needed to reach peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) and the duration of expiration (tE) are decreased in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis [1][2][3]. tPTEF is the most important determinant of changes in this ratio in children with asthma [4]. tPTEF increases after the inhalation of a bronchodilator in asthmatics [1, 2] and decreases after bronchial challenge with methacholine [1,5]. Several authors have shown that the parameter tE is relatively stable in these patients [6,7].Until now, the relationship between the ratio tPTEF/tE and airway diameter is unclear. It has been suggested that tPTEF/tE reflects primarily neuromuscular control of expiration, which can be further influenced by changing pulmonary mechanics such as changing airflow resistance or lung compliance [8]. MORRIS et al. [8] observed that postinspiratory activity of inspiratory muscles was decreased in patients with airflow obstruction. Activity of inspiratory muscles during the early phase of expiration causes braking of the expiratory airflow. A change in the postinspiratory activity of inspiratory muscles may, therefore, influence tPTEF. In an editorial, MIKKILINENI and ENGLAND [9] stressed the need for studies into the relationship between tidal breathing parameters and control of breathing.This study was performed to elucidate the relationship between tPTEF and the neuromuscular control of expiration. In an animal model investigations were made into: 1) the relationship between the parameter tPTEF and postinspiratory activity of inspiratory muscles, and 2) the influence of afferent sensory vagus nerve information from the lung on tPTEF. The results for tPTEF were compared with those predicted by a model of the respiratory system. Methods Study animalsFor this study experimental data were used that had been previously gathered by MEESSEN et al. [10] for a study into the effects of histamine and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on end-tidal inspiratory muscle activity. The experimental procedures were described extensively in their study and will be summarized here.The study was performed on seven adult cats (body weight 5.1±0.3 kg), which were anaesthetized with ketamine-hydrochloride (10 mg·kg -1 i.m.) and a chloraloseurethane mixture (12.5 and 62.5 mg·kg -1 i.v., respectively). Time to peak tidal expiratory flow and the neuromuscular control of expiration. C.K. van der Ent, C.P.M. van der Grinten, N.E.L. Meessen, S.C.M. Luijendijk, P.G.H. Mulder, J.M. Bogaard. ERS Journals Ltd 1998.ABSTRACT: The ratio of the time needed to reach peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) and the duration of expiration (tE) is used to detect airflow obstruction in young children. tPTEF is decreased in patients with asthma, but knowledge about the physiological determinants of this parameter is scarce. This study examined the relationship between tPTEF and postinspiratory activities of inspiratory muscles and evaluated the effe...

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Section: Influence Of Afferent Vagus Nerve Information On Tptefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to peak tidal expiratory flow and the neuromuscular control of expiration

Ent

Grinten²,

Meessen³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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“…Newborns may use two mechanisms to actively slow expiration, i.e. post-inspiratory activity of the diaphragm [7], and laryngeal narrowing during expiration [8].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Chest Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory muscle function in infants

Gaultier¹

1995

Eur Respir J

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In newborns and infants a variety of respiratory disorders lead to ventilatory failure. In early life the ventilatory response to loaded breathing is limited. The risk factors of ventilatory failure are related to the developing respiratory pump because of the immaturity of the chest wall, respiratory muscles and coupling between thoracic and abdominal movements. Assessment of respiratory muscle function in infants is limited, due to the objections to using invasive techniques. However, measurement of airway pressures during crying may provide an index of respiratory muscle strength in infants. Real-time ultrasonography allows investigation of diaphragmatic movements. Pattern of thoracoabdominal motion can be assessed using uncalibrated respiratory inductive plethysmography. Finally, electromyographic recording of respiratory muscles by surface electrodes is of clinical usefulness during sleep studies. Eur Respir J., 1995, 8, 150-153.

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“…Studies have suggested that vagal afferents not only modulate the respiratory pattern but also augment phrenic nerve output (Pack et al 198 1). The significant role of vagal afferent input in modulating respiratory output has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro studies, and theoretical models (Kosch et al 1988;Mellen & Feldman, 1997;Rybak et al 1997). Excitatory input has recently been reported by Wang et al (1997), in a subpopulation of the NTS.…”

Section: Role Of Vagal Innervation During Transition From Fetal To Nementioning

confidence: 96%

Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

Lalani

Remmers

Hasan

2001

Experimental Physiology

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CONTENTS Summary BackgroundVagal feedback and fetal breathing movements (FBMs) Role of vagal innervation during transition from fetal to neonatal period SummaryAlthough vagal afferents are active during intrauterine life, vagal denervation does not lead to gross changes in the occurrence of fetal breathing movements. However, lack of volume feedback has profound and deleterious effects on pulmonary compliance and impairs gas exchange during the early neonatal period. Intrathoracic vagal denervation, which spares vocal cord paralysis and upper airway obstruction in spontaneously breathing unanaesthetised neonatal lambs, leads to reduced pulmonary compliance and persistent hypoxaemia. The underlying mechanisms of these adverse effects include slow breathing frequency, prolonged expiratory times, decreased augmented breaths and the inability to maintain dynamic functional residual capacity leading to progressive atelectasis and regional ventilationperfusion mismatch. Our data suggest that intrathoracic vagal denervation does not lead to pulmonary oedema in newborn lambs which most probably occurred because of upper airway obstruction in previous studies. We provide evidence that the vagal afferent fibre-receptor system provides critical feedback for the maintenance of normal breathing patterns and pulmonary gas exchange during the early neonatal period.

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Posterior cricoarytenoid and diaphragm activities during tidal breathing in neonates

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Time to peak tidal expiratory flow and the neuromuscular control of expiration

Time to peak tidal expiratory flow and the neuromuscular control of expiration

Respiratory muscle function in infants

Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

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