Posterior cortical atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analytic review of neuropsychological and brain morphometry studies

Alves, Jorge; Soares, José Miguel; Sampaio, Adriana; Gonçalves, Óscar F.

doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9236-1

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Even though Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology accounts for a vast majority of PCA cases, 6 patients with this condition show brain degeneration in occipital and temporal areas that extend beyond the atrophy typically seen in patients in the earlier stages of AD. 7 Injury of occipitotemporal regions, for example due to infectious (e.g., herpes encephalitis e4 ) or vascular (e.g., top-of-the-basilar syndrome e5 ) causes, can also disrupt the ability to recognize a visually perceived object as familiar, especially when occipitotemporal involvement is bilateral. 8 …”

Section: Processing and Recognition Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions

2015

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The ability to name objects or abstract entities is an essential feature of speech and language, being commonly considered a central component of normal neurologic function. For this reason, the bedside testing of naming performance is part of the neurologic examination, especially since naming impairments can signify the early onset of a progressive disease or the occurrence of a more established problem. Modern neuroscience research suggests that naming relies on specific and distributed networks that operate in concert to support various processing stages, spanning from object recognition to spoken words. Likewise, studies evaluating the types of naming impairments in patients with neurologic conditions have contributed to the understanding of acquired forms of naming impairments and the underlying stages during normal language processing. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms supporting naming, with a focus on the clinical application of these concepts. We provide an overview of the stages of cognitive processing that are hypothesized to support naming. For each stage, we explore the evidence revealing its neural basis, drawing parallels to clinical syndromes that commonly disrupt each stage. We review the patterns of naming impairment across various neurologic conditions, including classic language disorders, such as poststroke aphasia or primary progressive aphasia, as well as other diseases where language impairments may be subtle but helpful for the appropriate diagnosis. In this context, we provide a structured and practical guide for the bedside naming assessments rooted in modern neuroscience, aimed at supporting the evaluation and diagnosis of neurologic conditions that affect language. Neurology ® 2015;85:284-292 GLOSSARY AD 5 Alzheimer disease; AoS 5 apraxia of speech; FTLD 5 frontotemporal lobar degeneration; PCA 5 posterior cortical atrophy; PPA-L 5 logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia; PPA-S 5 semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia; TLE 5 temporal lobe epilepsy; TOT 5 tip of the tongue.The ability to name objects or abstract entities is essential in everyday speech production. Retrieving the correct word that denotes a specific something relies on an orchestrated sequence of brain processes, ranging from perception of a stimulus to the physical articulation of the sounds used to speak its name. While intimately related, each stage of this complex process relies on the activation of distinct neural circuits. Accordingly, naming impairments may emerge following disruption of one or more of the stages thought to support naming.The process of naming most commonly occurs during discourse, when we are constantly required to retrieve abstract concepts to either understand or deliver a message, or by our need to identify an object perceived in the environment. Thus, naming can relate to an object that was seen, smelled, touched, heard, tasted, or any combination of these modalities. Stimulus processing results in the recognition of the stimulus as a famil...

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Section: Processing and Recognition Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions

2015

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“…Cerebral MRundersøkelse kan vaere normal i tidlig fase. Senere i forløpet kan man se kortikal atrofi parieto-oksipitalt, som regel mer uttalt i høyre enn i venstre hemisfaere (22). Hvis MR-funn ikke gir grunnlag for diagnosen, kan positronemisjonstomografi (PET) med radioaktiv glukose-analog ( 18 FDG) vise nedsatt metabolisme i bakre deler av de cerebrale hemisfaerer (13) (fig 1).…”

Section: Utredningunclassified

“…I en metaanalyse fant Alves og medarbeidere (22) at pasienter med posterior kortikal atrofi hadde signifikant større vansker med visuopersepsjon, visuospatiale oppgaver og visuospatial korttidshukommelse enn pasienter med Alzheimers sykdom. Klinisk skiller altså de førstnevnte seg ut ved at man først og fremst ser typiske synsproblemer og overveiende oksipito-parietale defekter, mens hukommelsen er relativt godt bevart, saerlig i den tidlige fasen av sykdommen (17,18,27).…”

Section: Posterior Kortikal Atrofi Og Alzheimers Sykdomunclassified

“…Selvinnsikten er gjerne også bevart, og dette fører ofte til angst og depresjon ved posterior kortikal atrofi, mens atferdsendringer er sjeldent (1,3). Både ved Alzheimers sykdom og posterior kortikal atrofi er frontallappsfunksjonene relativt godt bevart langt ut i sykdomsforløpet (22).…”

Section: Posterior Kortikal Atrofi Og Alzheimers Sykdomunclassified

“…Men i en metaanalyse basert på 11 studier av 204 pasienter med posterior kortikal atrofi og 184 pasienter med Alzheimers sykdom fant man at hjerneatrofien ved førstnevnte tilstand hovedsakelig er lokalisert i høyre oksipitallapp, mens atrofien ved Alzheimers sykdom er mest uttalt i venstre hippocampus og parahippokampalområde (22). Posterior kortikal atrofi kan altså forstås som en variant av Alzheimers sykdom som begynner i de bakre deler av hjernebarken for så å bre seg fremover, men også som en spesifikk tilstand som rammer bakre hjernebarkområder, med histopatologiske funn som ved Alzheimers sykdom.…”

Section: Posterior Kortikal Atrofi Og Alzheimers Sykdomunclassified

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Posterior kortikal atrofi

Solyga¹,

Western²,

Solheim³

et al. 2015

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Functional neural substrates of posterior cortical atrophy patients

2015

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Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome in which the most pronounced pathologic involvement is in the occipito-parietal visual regions. Herein, we aimed to better define the cortical reflection of this unique syndrome using a thorough battery of behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) tests. Eight PCA patients underwent extensive testing to map their visual deficits. Assessments included visual functions associated with lower and higher components of the cortical hierarchy, as well as dorsal- and ventral-related cortical functions. fMRI was performed on five patients to examine the neuronal substrate of their visual functions. The PCA patient cohort exhibited stereopsis, saccadic eye movements and higher dorsal stream-related functional impairments, including simultant perception, image orientation, figure-from-ground segregation, closure and spatial orientation. In accordance with the behavioral findings, fMRI revealed intact activation in the ventral visual regions of face and object perception while more dorsal aspects of perception, including motion and gestalt perception, revealed impaired patterns of activity. In most of the patients, there was a lack of activity in the word form area, which is known to be linked to reading disorders. Finally, there was evidence of reduced cortical representation of the peripheral visual field, corresponding to the behaviorally assessed peripheral visual deficit. The findings are discussed in the context of networks extending from parietal regions, which mediate navigationally related processing, visually guided actions, eye movement control and working memory, suggesting that damage to these networks might explain the wide range of deficits in PCA patients.

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Posterior cortical atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analytic review of neuropsychological and brain morphometry studies

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions

Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions

Posterior kortikal atrofi

Functional neural substrates of posterior cortical atrophy patients

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