Postdispersal predation of giant ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>) seed in no-tillage corn

Harrison, S. Kent; Regnier, Emilie E.; Schmoll, Jerron T.

doi:10.1614/p2002-110

Cited by 111 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Moles et al [46] gathering data from the published literature and field trials on survivorship through post-dispersal seed predation, found a weak positive correlation between seed mass and the percentage of seeds remaining after 24 hours of exposure to post-dispersal seed predators in some Australian sites, and no significant relationship across 280 species from the global literature. A study on temporal patterns of post-dispersal giant ragweed seed predation on the soil surface of a no-tillage corn field as affected by involucre size indicated that rodents and invertebrates were the principal predators of giant ragweed seed [47]. Rodents were the greatest predators of giant ragweed involucres during fall and winter with a preference for large seeds (>4.8-mm diameter), while during the rest of the year invertebrate predation, with a preference for small involucres (<4.8-mm diameter), dominates [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on temporal patterns of post-dispersal giant ragweed seed predation on the soil surface of a no-tillage corn field as affected by involucre size indicated that rodents and invertebrates were the principal predators of giant ragweed seed [47]. Rodents were the greatest predators of giant ragweed involucres during fall and winter with a preference for large seeds (>4.8-mm diameter), while during the rest of the year invertebrate predation, with a preference for small involucres (<4.8-mm diameter), dominates [47]. Even if not directly demonstrated by the present investigation, it is plausible that the different morphological features, observed for common and giant ragweed seeds, collected in no-tillage fields (AAR and ATSR) and in non-agricultural sites (AAS and ATS), were also selected by specific pre-and post-dispersal predation patterns occurring in different environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance

et al. 2013

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The germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida glyphosate susceptible biotypes sampled in marginal areas, was compared with that of the same species but different biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance, common and giant ragweed, respectively. The suspected resistant biotypes were sampled in Roundup Ready® soybean fields. Within each weed species, the seeds of the biotype sampled in marginal area were significantly bigger and heavier than those of the biotype sampled in the soybean fields. A. artemisiifolia biotypes exhibited a similar dormancy and germination, while differences between A. trifida biotypes were observed. A. artemisiifolia biotypes showed similar threshold temperature for germination, whereas, the threshold temperature of the susceptible A. trifida biotype was half as compared to that of the resistant A. trifida biotype. No significant differences in emergence as a function of sowing depth were observed between susceptible A. artemisiifolia and suspected resistant A. trifida biotype, while at a six-cm seedling depth the emergence of the A. artemisiifolia susceptible biotype was 2.5 times higher than that of the A. trifida suspected resistant biotype. This study identified important differences in seed germination between herbicide resistant and susceptible biotypes and relates this information to the ecology of species adapted to Roundup Ready® fields. Information obtained in this study supports sustainable management strategies, with continued use of glyphosate as a possibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance

et al. 2013

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“…The eating of seeds by carabids (granivory) was first recorded more than 100 years ago (Forbes, 1883;Webster, 1900) and confirmed since by many authors (Burmeister, 1939;Lindroth, 1949;Burakowski, 1967;Johnson & Cameron, 1969;Kirk, 1972;Best & Beegle, 1977;Lund & Turpin, 1977;Luff, 1980;Kjellsson, 1985;Brust & House, 1988;Trautner et al, 1988;Manley, 1992;Goldschmidt & Toft, 1997;Jorgensen & Toft, 1997a, b;Zhang et al, 1997;Hartke et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 2003). Carabid granivory is thus a well established phenomenon (Allen, 1979;Hengeveld, 1980b;Luff, 1987;Lovei & Sunderland, 1996;Kromp, 1999;Tooley & Brust, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Ground beetles (Carabidae) as seed predators

Honěk¹,

Martinková²,

2003

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Abstract. The consumption and preferences of polyphagous ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) for the seeds of herbaceous plants was determined. The seeds were stuck into plasticine in small tin trays and exposed to beetle predation on surface of the ground. In the laboratory the effect of carabid (species, satiation) and seed (species, size) on the intensity of seed predation was investigated. The consumption of the generally preferred Cirsium arvense seed by 23 species of common carabids increased with body size. Seed of Capsella bursa-pastoris was preferred by small carabids and their consumption rates were not related to their size. The average daily consumption of all the carabid species tested (0.33 mg seeds . mg body mass-1 . day-1) was essentially the same for both kinds of seed. Because of satiation the consumption of seed of C. arvense provided ad libitum to Pseudoophonus rufipes decreased over a period of 9 days to 1/3-1/4 of the initial consumption rate. Preferences of P. rufipes (body mass 29.6 mg) and Harpalus afifiinis (13.4 mg) for the seeds of 64 species of herbaceous plants were determined. The small H. afifiinis preferred smaller seed than the large P. rufipes. Predation of seed present on the ground in the field was studied in 1999-2000, at PrahaRuzyne (50°06' N 14°16'E). Seeds were placed in stands of different crops as in the laboratory experiments and vertebrate predation was excluded by wire mesh cages. Pitfall traps placed near the cages revealed that carabids were the only seed predators active in the area. Rates of removal of seed of 6 weed species varied with crop, season, seed and site. Average rate of removal in June-August was 2.5 seeds.day-1.tray-1 and was smaller before and after this period. The rates of removal increased with increasing activity den sity of the carabids and paucity of seed from naturally occurring weeds, which may have satiated the carabids. In stands of winter wheat, millet and soybeans there were significant differences in the rates of removal of the seed of 43 herbaceous species. The field preferences were correlated with those established in the laboratory. Predation of seed on the ground in arable fields can be as high as 1000 seeds.m-2.day-1 and may selectively influence the quantity of seed of particular herb species that enters the soil seed bank. Seed predation thus may be an effective component of weed control on arable land, particularly at low weed densities.

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“…Modelling studies have indicated that 25-50% seed mortality is generally sufficient to stop or slow down the population growth of annual weeds . Field studies have demonstrated predation levels exceeding this intensity (Hulme, 1994;Harrison et al, 2003;Westerman et al, 2003b;Honek et al, 2005), but seed predation levels are highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal patterns of carabid activity-density in cereals do not explain levels of predation on weed seeds

Saska

Werf

Vries

et al. 2007

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Seed predation is an important component of seed mortality of weeds in agro-ecosystems, but the agronomic use and management of this natural weed suppression is hampered by a lack of insight in the underlying ecological processes. In this paper, we investigate whether and how spatial and temporal variation in activity-density of granivorous ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) results in a corresponding pattern of seed predation. Activity-density of carabids was measured by using pitfall traps in two organic winter wheat fields from March to July 2004. Predation of seeds (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lamium amplexicaule, Poa annua and Stellaria media) was assessed using seed cards at the same sites and times. As measured by pitfall traps, carabids were the dominant group of insects that had access to the seed cards. In the field, predation of the four different species of seed was in the order: C. bursa-pastoris > P. annua > S. media > L. amplexicaule; and this order of preference was confirmed in the laboratory using the dominant species of carabid. On average, seed predation was higher in the field interior compared to the edge, whereas catches of carabids were highest near the edge. Weeks with elevated seed predation did not concur with high activity-density of carabids. Thus, patterns of spatial and temporal variation in seed predation were not matched by similar patterns in the abundance of granivorous carabid beetles. The lack of correspondence is ascribed to effects of confounding factors, such as weather, the background density of seeds, the composition of the carabid community, and the phenology and physiological state of the beetles. Our results show that differences in seed loss among weed species may be predicted from laboratory trials on preference. However, predator activity-density, as measured in pitfall traps, is an insufficient predictor of seed predation over time and space within a field.

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Postdispersal predation of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) seed in no-tillage corn

Cited by 111 publications

References 35 publications

Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance

Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance

Ground beetles (Carabidae) as seed predators

Spatial and temporal patterns of carabid activity-density in cereals do not explain levels of predation on weed seeds

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