Postdiagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Little is known about how diet might influence breast cancer prognosis. The current systematic reviews and meta-analyses summarise the evidence on postdiagnosis dietary factors and breast cancer outcomes from randomised controlled trials and longitudinal observational studies. PubMed and Embase were searched through 31st October 2021. Random-effects linear dose-response meta-analysis was conducted when at least three studies with sufficient information were available. The quality of the evidence was evaluated by an independent Expert Panel. We identified 108 publications. No meta-analysis was conducted for dietary patterns, vegetables, wholegrains, fish, meat, and supplements due to few studies, often with insufficient data. Meta-analysis was only possible for all-cause mortality with dairy, isoflavone, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, alcohol intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and for breast cancer-specific mortality with fruit, dairy, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fat, fibre, alcohol intake and serum 25(OH)D. The results, with few exceptions, were generally null. There was limited-suggestive evidence that predefined dietary patterns may reduce the risk of all-cause and other causes of death; that isoflavone intake reduces the risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk (RR) per 2 mg/day: 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.02), breast cancer-specific mortality (RR for high

Postdiagnosis recreational physical activity and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

“…We sought to evaluate the evidence, identify gaps in the literature and define future research directions. This article presents the evidence on physical activity and breast cancer outcomes, whereas evidence on body fatness, diet and the overall summary are presented in the accompanied papers 19‐21 …”

One-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet reduced the dietary inflammatory index in women with breast cancer: a role for the dietary glycemic index

“…Increasing dietary fibre to reach daily intakes of at least 14 g per 1000 kcal is the general advice to reduce chronic disease risk 69 and an increase of 10 g day −1 has been associated with reduced total mortality in women with BC. 70 Furthermore, specific dietary fibre types (beta-glucans, guar, pectin) contained in oat, barley, legumes and apples can help to reduce the dietary GI. 71 Dietary fiber is a substrate for the gut microbiota affecting its composition and favoring anti-inflammatory strains which have local and systemic health benefits via modulation of the immune system, production of microbial metabolites, conversion of polyphenols into biologically active forms, and modifying the breast tissue-specific strains.…”

“…In a recent meta-analysis a 2 mg day −1 increase in dietary soy isoflavones was associated with 25% lower risk of BC recurrence. 70 Soybeans may be incorporated in legume dishes and soups while soy drinks are becoming more popular in Mediterranean countries where they substitute animal milk which is not part of the adult traditional Mediterranean diet. 75 Increasing green or black tea consumption would contribute to DII lowering owing to its content of epicatechin gallate which also contributes to cancer cell death 80,81 and to cellular antiproliferative activity by downregulating the ER-alpha expression.…”

Postdiagnosis body fatness, weight change and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Program (CUP global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

“…We conducted updated systematic literature reviews and meta‐analyses to summarize the evidence published until and after 30 June 2012 of the previous report 5 and an independent Expert Panel evaluated the accumulated evidence. This paper presents the evidence on body fatness, weight change and breast cancer outcomes, whereas evidence on physical activity, diet and the overall summary is presented in the accompanied papers 15‐17 …”