It has been a long four years in music theory. From Philip Ewell's 2019 Society for Music Theory (SMT) plenary talk to the publication of this review essay, our small-yet-scrappy field has somehow ended up more ba ered and bruised by recent discourses on race and racism than most other academic disciplines. (1) As Sumanth Gopinath (2023) wrote in response to Stephen Le 's (2023) piercing critique of the SMT, "It is not a good time to be a music theorist" (125; italics in the original). But maybe that is about to change: in Ewell's much-anticipated monograph, On Music Theory, the field has finally received a comprehensive guide on how to dismantle its white-male frame-or at least that is what many readers will likely hope for in this text. The book's subtitle, "Making Music More Welcoming for Everyone," certainly gestures toward this goal. Yet given Ewell's reputation as a polemical thought leader in the field, the subtitle strikes us as unexpectedly optimistic. Less charitable readers might even accuse Ewell of hewing dangerously close to the "Kumbaya" rhetoric that he argues is used too often in conversations about diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). In the opening pages of On Music Theory, however, Ewell clarifies that his focus is not DEI, which "leaves white structures intact and in control," but rather antiracism, which "focuses on the anti-BIPOC [Black, Indigenous, and people of color] activities undertaken by white structures that kept whiteness in power" (3). In this vein, the monograph's conclusion acknowledges what might have been a more accurate subtitle for the book: "How the Many Mythologies of the Western White-Male Musical Canon Have Created Hostile Environments for Those Who Do Not Identify as White Cisgender Men" (278). To be sure, such an unvarnished subtitle would have come with its own host of problems, but for our purposes it offers a pithy summary of the thesis that Ewell puts forward in On Music Theory, a book more focused on reframing the discipline's past than envisioning its future.[2] The monograph is structured according to these priorities: after introducing the major themes and goals of the book (Intro) and discussing the state of race and race scholarship in music theory (Chapter 1), Ewell broadens his scope to examine the roots of whiteness in myths about Western civilization (Chapter 2). Ewell then demonstrates the danger of white mythologies through the case