Postcolonial Literature and the Impact of Literacy

Kortenaar, Neil ten

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511920035

Cited by 29 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that lyophilization of SP solutions containing an excess of hydrochloric acid or trifluoracetic acid was not sufficient to remove excess acid quantitatively. Acid-catalysed hydrolysis of peptide amides occurred even in the solid state, yielding 3 4 % of SP(1-1 1)-COOH VI within one month, in accordance with results published recently for the deamidation of other peptide amides (27).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Spontaneous chemical degradation of substance P in the solid phase and in solution

Kertscher¹,

Bienert²,

Krause³

et al. 1993

International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research

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The instability of the undecapeptide substance P (SP), a neuropeptide implicated in several physiological processes, was occasionally observed when the peptide was stored in the solid state or in solution. The aim of the present study was to identify the decomposition products of SP stored as lyophilized peptide or in aqueous neutral solution. The main pathway of the decomposition of SP acetate consists of the subsequent release of N‐terminal dipeptides via their diketopiperazines. cyclo(Arg‐Pro) and cyclo(Lyys‐Pro). In contrast to the decomposition of the acetate of SP, the hydrochloride and trifluoroacetate salts were found to be considerably more stable. Under the studied conditions the release of N‐terminal dipeptides dominates over other possible routes of spontaneous modifications, such as S‐oxidation and deamidation.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Spontaneous chemical degradation of substance P in the solid phase and in solution

Kertscher¹,

Bienert²,

Krause³

et al. 1993

International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research

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“…Naipaul's own sense of aesthetic autonomy, his art of the impersonal writer, the writer who distances himself from "personality", his reworking of the metropolitan and modernist principles that governed the construction of the portrait of an artist -the idea of artistic failure haunts both writer and his characters -links the postcolonial writer directly to the modernist English novel, and confirms that the legacy of modernism was a "global property" (2013: 145). Soon, of course, and Brathwaite was influential here, separate postcolonial modernist traditions were instituted (one says "instituted" because quite divergent "black", "Asian", and setter colonial modernist traditions were artificially created) and the place of literacy on postcolonial literature became a factor (Kortenaar, 2011). The discourse of aesthetic autonomy, however, remained strong: white, metropolitan intellectuals began using it as a way to recruit new collaborators from the decolonizing world, while black, colonial writers could use it to renegotiate the terms of cultural trade … black writers were as anxious as their white colleagues to protect and enhance the autonomy of the cultural sphere.…”

Section: Postcolonial Modernitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postcolonialism 2010–2014

Mishra

2015

The Journal of Commonwealth Literature

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The idea of postcolonialism as signifying a break from the past, as the sign of the new, as a critical reappraisal in the context of imperialism and the rise of capital, and as a register of social and political assertiveness took shape as major geo-political changes were underway (the Iranian Revolution, the gradual decline of the Soviet Union, and so on). However, by 2006 when the word finally entered the OED, the citation and the definition embedded in it captured an important shift: "postcolonialism" as a proactive cultural logic aimed at the creation of an intentional object. The critical survey undertaken here suggests that the discourse of postcolonialism is now an intentional discourse with specific affects. These affects, as seen in the Anglophone bibliography on the subject of these past five years, may now be examined with reference to subjects and themes as varied as melancholia, shame, the horrors of poststructuralism, creolization, the vernacular, the cosmopolitan turn, the postcolonial "jew", the subaltern challenge, global warming, world-literary systems, traumatized bodies, among others.

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“…Fmoc amino acids were purchased from Bachem and Senn or prepared according to the procedure of Ten Kortenaar (49). The cTrt resin was purchased from CBL Patras, TBTU from Richelieu Biotechnologies and EDCI from Aldrich.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoconjugates: structure—activity studies for pheromone analogues of Ustilago maydis with varied lipophilicity

Koppitz

Spellig²,

Kahmann³

et al. 1996

International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research

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The synthesis, biological activities and conformational behaviour of a variety of analogues of the mating pheromones of the basidomycete Ustilago maydis are reported. The pheromone analogues derived from the two allelic forms H‐G‐R‐D‐N‐G‐S‐P‐I‐G‐Y‐S‐S‐Xaa‐Z (a1) and H‐N‐R‐G‐Q‐P‐G‐Y‐Y‐Xaa‐Z (a2), with Xaa‐Z being an unidentified lipophilic cysteine derivative, all differ in the C‐terminal residue and include ‐Cys(farnesyl)‐OMe, ‐Cys(farnesyl)‐OH, ‐Cys(prenyl)‐OMe, ‐Cys‐OMe, ‐Cys(n‐dodecyl)‐OMe and the unnatural residues ‐Ahds‐OMe (Ahds =α‐aminohexadecanoic acid), ‐Ahds‐OH, ‐Ads‐OMe (Ads =α‐aminodecanoic acid) and ‐N‐Hdg‐OMe (N‐Hdg=N‐hexadecylglycine). The synthesis of the unnatural methyl ester analogues was carried out by condensation of the fully protected fragments Fmoc‐G‐R(Pmc)‐D(tBu)‐N(Trt)‐G‐S(tBu)‐P‐I‐G‐Y(tBu)‐S(tBu)‐S(tBu)‐OH (a1′) and Fmoc‐N(Trt)‐R(Pmc)‐G‐Q(Trt)‐P‐G‐Y(tBu)‐Y(tBu)‐OH (a2′) respectively, prepared by Fmoc‐SPPS, with the appropriate methylester compounds and subsequent deprotection with TFA/scavenger and piperidine. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of the unnatural lipophilic amino acid methylesters are described. The preparation of the cysteine analogues was performed by condensation of a1′ or a2′ with H‐Cys(Trt)‐OMe and subsequent deprotection with TFA/scavenger. Alkylation of the thiol function and Fmoc‐deprotection was achieved in a novel one‐pot reaction by treatment with alkyl bromide and DIPEA, quenching with EDT and Fmoc removal by addition of 20% piperidine (v/v). Hydrolysis of the methyl esters was carried out by treatment with NaOH in MeOH/H2O. The results of the biological assay reveal an increase in activity with increasing chain length of the lipophilic anchor, with alkyl being better than prenyl and sulfur being not essential, while the position of the anchor is optimal at Cα and the methyl ester moiety is important. NMR studies of two chosen analogues in DMSO and SDS/water demonstrate that the lipophilic C‐terminal residue has no influence on the structural behaviour of the peptides. Chemical‐shift and NOE patterns indicate a main all‐trans conformation of the peptide backbone and a weakly populated cis conformation around the Xaa‐Pro peptide bond in all eight cases without formation of a defined folded structure. No evidence is seen that the membrane‐simulating system SDS/water has a structure‐inducing effect on the bound peptide. We therefore conclude that the lipomodification in mating pheromones of U. maydis acts to increase the effective concentration of the drug in the target cell membrane without additional structure‐inducing or receptor‐binding effects. © Munksgaard 1996.

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Postcolonial Literature and the Impact of Literacy

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Spontaneous chemical degradation of substance P in the solid phase and in solution

Spontaneous chemical degradation of substance P in the solid phase and in solution

Postcolonialism 2010–2014

Lipoconjugates: structure—activity studies for pheromone analogues of Ustilago maydis with varied lipophilicity

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