Postcholecystectomy syndrome, dynamics of ideas, diagnostics, treatment

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the data on postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCES). The entire period of study of this frequent complication (up to 40%) can be divided into 2 periods: surgical and therapeutic. Surgical complications of cholecystectomy accounted for 10% and were studied by surgeons. This study led to the correction of surgical treatment, formulated the examination program and reduced and minimized surgical complications. The second part of the complications is made up of functional disorders of the sphincter of Oddi, which today are the leading ones and, apparently, remain so. The article gives an idea of PCES as a dynamic disorder of the sphincter of Oddi, gives the last definition of PCES given by the IV Roman Concensus, suggests an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment. As a clinical illustration, the authors present their own data on the diagnosis and treatment of 60 patients with PCES, which confirmed the point of view proposed by the international gastroenterological community. The authors separated two types of postcholecystectomy syndrome: one with a predominance of sphincter of Oddi (SO) spasm and another with a predominance of sphincter of Oddi hypotension. The drug of choice in the spastic type is the selective antispasmodic gimecromone, in which case a dose is of the essence. In case of a hypotonic type of postcholecystectomy syndrome, motor regulators to increase the SO tone should be used. The therapy should be stepwise with an assessment of the effect and correction of the next step of treatment. This treatment option for patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome we see today as the leading one. The features of treatment associated with the developing syndrome of bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and chronic biliary insufficiency (CBI), which require constant monitoring (diagnosis) and permanent treatment, are considered.