Postactivation performance enhancement: Does conditioning one arm augment performance in the other?

Wong, Vickie; Yamada, Yujiro; Bell, Zachary W.; Spitz, Robert W.; Viana, Ricardo Borges; Chatakondi, Raksha N.; Abe, Takashi; Loenneke, Jeremy P.

doi:10.1111/cpf.12659

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two prior studies whose intention was to investigate contralateral effects of a unilateral conditioning exercise reported potentiation of the conditioned leg but significant deficits with the homologous, contralateral limb (Andrews et al, 2016) or no contralateral effect (Wong et al, 2020) respectively. Wong et al (2020) used a 6-second MVIC as the conditioning stimulus and reported PAPE effects with the conditioned limb but not crossover effects. Andrews et al (2016) used Bulgarian split squats (5 repetitions at 50% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM], 2 repetitions at 70% 1RM and 1 repetition at 90% 1RM with 3-min rest periods between sets) as the conditioning exercise and found post-intervention deficits to the countermovement jump and no change to the DJ in the contralateral limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is evidence for NLMF strength impairments in individual studies, a recent meta-analysis (Behm et al, 2021) reported overall trivial NLMF effects upon discrete (single) strength measures but moderate magnitude deficits when examining muscle endurance. In addition to this conflict, there are only three studies that reported on possible non-local voluntary performance enhancement finding either a lack of performance enhancement (Andrews et al, 2016;Wong et al, 2020) or strength improvements (Hamilton and Behm, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong evidence for neural mechanisms are evident with crossover or NLMF studies (Halperin et al, 2015). Only two studies whose stated purpose was to examine crossover effects of a unilateral conditioning exercise reported potentiation of the conditioned leg but significant impairments of the homologous, contralateral limb (Andrews et al, 2016) or no contralateral effect (Wong et al, 2020). In contrast, while the objective of the Hamilton and Behm (2017) study was to examine non-local muscle fatigue with a unilateral fatiguing intervention (2 x 100-s MVIC), they found evidence of augmented contralateral MVIC force (PAPE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults

Power¹,

Colwell²,

Sæterbakken³

et al. 2021

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Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is an improvement to voluntary muscle performance following a conditioning activity. There is evidence of fatigue resistance deficits in non-exercised muscles following unilateral fatiguing exercise of a contralateral muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine if a unilateral conditioning exercise protocol could induce PAPE in a contralateral, non-exercised muscle in young healthy adults. Thirty-two recreationally trained (n = 16) and athletically trained (n = 16) participants (16 males; age: 22.9 ± 2.03 years; height: 1.81 ± 0.06 m; weight: 82.8 ± 9.43 kg, and 16 females; age: 23.1 ± 2.80 years; height: 1.67 ± 0.07 m; weight: 66.4 ± 11.09 kg) were randomly allocated into two groups (dominant or non-dominant limb intervention). The experimental intervention, involved a conditioning exercise (4-repetitions of 5-seconds knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contractions: MVIC) with either the dominant (DOM) (n = 16) or non-dominant (ND) (n = 16) knee extensors with testing of the same (exercised) or contralateral (non-exercised) leg as well as a control (no conditioning exercise: n = 32) condition. Testing was performed before, 1-minute and 10-minutes after a high intensity, low volume, conditioning protocol (2 sets of 2x5-s MVIC). Pre- and post-testing included MVIC force and F100 (force developed in the first 100 ms: a proxy measure of rate of force development) and unilateral drop jump (DJ) height and contact time. There were no significant MVIC peak force or EMG nor DJ height or contact time interactions (intervention x limb dominance x time). The pre-test (0.50 ± 0.13) dominant leg MVIC F100 forces exceeded (p = 0.02) both post-test and post-10 min by a small magnitude 8.7% (d = 0.31). There was also a significant (p = 0.02) time x intervention leg x testing leg intervention, although it was observed that the control condition was as likely to demonstrate small to large magnitude changes as were the dominant and non-dominant legs. Following the conditioning activity, there was no significant evidence for non-local improvements (PAPE), or performance decreases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults

Power¹,

Colwell²,

Sæterbakken³

et al. 2021

jsportscimed

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“…Furthermore, some authors investigated the acute non-localized effects of both upper and lower body resistance exercises. Wong et al [8] and Andrews et al [9] investigated the acute effects of a monolateral exercise session for the upper body on the contralateral arm. No non-localized PAPE, however, were detected in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison between Non-Localized Post-Activation Performance Enhancements Following Resistance Exercise for the Upper and the Lower Body

et al. 2022

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The aim of the present investigation was to compare the acute non-localized post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of an exercise protocol involving either the upper or the lower body muscles. Twenty-four resistance trained men participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to an upper body (UB) or to a lower body (LB) group. Both groups tested for upper and lower body power (bench press throw (BPT) and countermovement jump power (CMJP) tests). Participants in the UB group were tested pre and post a high-intensity (HI) and a high-power (POW) bench press protocol while participants in the LB group performed a HI squat and a jump session (POW). A significant group x time interaction was found for CMJP in HI (p = 0.012). Post hoc tests revealed that CMJP was elevated in UB group only (+1.6%; p=0.025). No other significant interactions were detected. Results of this study indicate that a non-localized PAPE on the lower body may be induced by a HI bench press protocol while a HI squat protocol may not increase upper body power. In particular, the squat protocol performed in the present study (5 sets of 1 rep) may be too demanding to produce a non-localized PAPE.

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Sex segregation in strength sports: Do equal‐sized muscles express the same levels of strength between sexes?

Kataoka

Spitz

Wong

et al. 2023

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Concerns have been raised against the current two-sex binary category in sports competitions. The thesis states that if males and females were separated based on muscle size, it would negate the strength advantage between the sexes. We tested the possible sex differences in various strength outcomes when pair-matched for muscle thickness. Methods: A total of 16 different data sets (n = 963) were assessed to pairmatch females with males who had a muscle thickness value within 2%. We further compared the competition performances of the smallest male weight class within the International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) to different weight classes in females. Results: Overall, 76%-88% of the strength assessments were greater in males than females with pair-matched muscle thickness, regardless of contraction types (i.e., isotonic, isometric, isokinetic). Additionally, males in the lightest weight division in the IPF largely outperformed females in heavier weight divisions. Conclusions: Our results would suggest that segregation based on muscle mass or surrogates of muscle mass (e.g., lean body mass) might not be an appropriate classification to create fair competition within strength sports. This is not to refute the concept of the desegregation of the two-sex binary category but to present data that raises important concerns about the potential sexbased differences in strength performance.

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Postactivation performance enhancement: Does conditioning one arm augment performance in the other?

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults

Lack of Evidence for Non-Local Muscle Fatigue and Performance Enhancement in Young Adults

A Comparison between Non-Localized Post-Activation Performance Enhancements Following Resistance Exercise for the Upper and the Lower Body

Sex segregation in strength sports: Do equal‐sized muscles express the same levels of strength between sexes?

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