“…In NPC4, on the other hand the stress wave originating from the crack‐tip as reaction forces in response to the uniaxial tension (onto the DENT specimens) gets largely dissipated in the IFPZ, i.e., in the intra‐ligament fracture plane‐region which conceptually enhances the area based energy dissipation in the sample. These observations are well in agreement with the quantitative fracture parameter data obtained for NPC2 and NPC4 showing enhanced EWF (resistance to crack initiation) and βw p (resistance to crack propagation), respectively . Secondly the strain‐maxima in the epicenter (typically epicenter appears in the IFPZ) is well above 50% for NPC2 in contrast to less than 37% in NPC4 indicating lesser extent of stress dissipation in the OPDZ of NPC4 since the crack‐tip stress is majorly concentrated in the IFPZ, i.e., in the fracture plane (intra‐ligament region).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…On incorporation of nanoclay into the blend matrix NPC0 the ratio decreased by ≈29% in NPC2, ≈47% in NPC4, and to ≈21% in NPC6 indicating a transition in reduction in the dominance of the crack‐blunting mode in the composition domain of 2–4 wt% of nanoclay filled systems. Intrinsically such an observation reiterates the mechanistic role in the observed deformation failure as has already been discussed in the first part of our communication …”
The kinetics and dynamics of post‐yield fracture behavior of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/polypropylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA)/clay nanocomposites are comprehensively evaluated. To ascertain the nature of crack growth from kinetic aspects, time‐synchronized deformation data prior to failure are acquired as images at various time scales. This study demonstrates the nanoclay induced crack toughness mechanism evident from the dominance of crack tip opening displacement over crack extension to be originating fundamentally due to the intrinsic ability of the material to dissipate stress waves from the inner fracture process zone (IFPZ) to the outer plastic deformation zone. Such quantification of stress wave dissipation modes via strain field analysis demonstrates a new approach to understand fracture‐mechanics for designing materials objectively aided by convincing visualization.
“…In NPC4, on the other hand the stress wave originating from the crack‐tip as reaction forces in response to the uniaxial tension (onto the DENT specimens) gets largely dissipated in the IFPZ, i.e., in the intra‐ligament fracture plane‐region which conceptually enhances the area based energy dissipation in the sample. These observations are well in agreement with the quantitative fracture parameter data obtained for NPC2 and NPC4 showing enhanced EWF (resistance to crack initiation) and βw p (resistance to crack propagation), respectively . Secondly the strain‐maxima in the epicenter (typically epicenter appears in the IFPZ) is well above 50% for NPC2 in contrast to less than 37% in NPC4 indicating lesser extent of stress dissipation in the OPDZ of NPC4 since the crack‐tip stress is majorly concentrated in the IFPZ, i.e., in the fracture plane (intra‐ligament region).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…On incorporation of nanoclay into the blend matrix NPC0 the ratio decreased by ≈29% in NPC2, ≈47% in NPC4, and to ≈21% in NPC6 indicating a transition in reduction in the dominance of the crack‐blunting mode in the composition domain of 2–4 wt% of nanoclay filled systems. Intrinsically such an observation reiterates the mechanistic role in the observed deformation failure as has already been discussed in the first part of our communication …”
The kinetics and dynamics of post‐yield fracture behavior of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/polypropylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA)/clay nanocomposites are comprehensively evaluated. To ascertain the nature of crack growth from kinetic aspects, time‐synchronized deformation data prior to failure are acquired as images at various time scales. This study demonstrates the nanoclay induced crack toughness mechanism evident from the dominance of crack tip opening displacement over crack extension to be originating fundamentally due to the intrinsic ability of the material to dissipate stress waves from the inner fracture process zone (IFPZ) to the outer plastic deformation zone. Such quantification of stress wave dissipation modes via strain field analysis demonstrates a new approach to understand fracture‐mechanics for designing materials objectively aided by convincing visualization.
“…It is observed that the SV 5 has smaller essential work of fracture than PP/EPDM blends. The reason for smaller essential work of fracture of SV 5 sample may be attributed to the nanoclay aggregations in the matrix . This related to the fact that the around clay tactoids stress concentration point exist so these particles introduce crack initiation point in matrix when the specimen is under external force.…”
Thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties have a wide application in airplane, shipbuilding, and automotive industries and medical apparatus. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel technique for the fabrication of composites, nanocomposites and microstructural modifications. In this paper, polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (PP/EPDM) nanocomposite with 5 wt% nanoclay are fabricated by FSP to determine the effect of process parameters such as tool rotational speed, traverse speed, shoulder temperature, and number of passes on total work of fracture of this nanocomposite. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to develop a mathematical model relating the process parameters to the total work of fracture. The results show that the total work of fracture increased with increasing the rotational speed and number of passes and decreasing the shoulder temperature. A maximum total work of fracture of 50.3 N/mm was obtained at traverse speed of 42 mm/min when other parameters were at their center level. The maximum total work of fracture of 61.8 N/mm is achieved at rotational speed of 1,200 rpm, traverse speed of 40 mm/min, shoulder temperature of 1008C, and number of passes of 3. POLYM.
“…Amide I and II bands shift from 1632 to 1639 and from 1540 to 1534 cm -1 , respectively, which indicates decreased hydrogen bonding. [21] The band at 1730 cm -1 , which can be ascribed to the C-O stretching in esters, [22] disappears with exposure. The disappearance is completed already after 3 hours on the exposed side, but the band is still present on the unexposed polyamide surface (Figure 13).…”
Commercial co-extruded multilayer film of 25 m thickness was tested for use as an airborne module. The module in a form of a cylindrical balloon rotates at high altitudes in order to convert wind energy to electrical energy. The film consists of low-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, two layers of polyamide 6 (PA6//EVOH//PA6//LDPE) and tie layers between them.The asymmetric film was aged in a weathering chamber at room temperature, with either the PA6 surface or the LDPE surface directly exposed to the xenon-arc light. The exposure of 1000 hours to a rainy and a sunny cycle ruined the film; therefore, the film was exposed to shorter sunny cycles only, for 3, 6, 16, 44, and 67 hours. The effect of solar radiation on tensile properties was tested in the machining and transverse directions by means of tensile testing at room temperature and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at temperatures ranging from 83 to 373 K. In order to get a better insight into structural changes, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is performed. Water vapour sorption and the melting temperature range of the unexposed film were determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and optical microscopy, respectively.The tensile tests indicate a high anisotropy of the coextruded film. After irradiation, there is an increase in crystallinity degree. Kinetics of crystallization and hence the mechanical properties depend on the exposed surface.
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