Post-Vietnam military herbicide exposures in UC-123 Agent Orange spray aircraft

Lurker, Peter A.; Berman, Fred; Clapp, Richard; Stellman, Jeanne Mager

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.004

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Herbicides were also used to eradicate unwanted vegetation inside the military installations, resulting in potential prolonged exposures for American soldiers. Aircraft contamination was also an important route of dioxin-contaminated Agent Orange (AO/TCDD) exposure for flight crews and maintainers even after years from the end of the war, as demonstrated by Lurker et al [ 48 ], who evaluated dermal and respiratory intake, and dioxin contamination levels inside vehicles. They estimated a body-burden for contact exposure of 0.92 and 5.4 pg/kg body-weight-day for the crews and for maintainers, respectively.…”

Section: Organochlorinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposures and Environmental Health Hazards of Military Personnel

Geretto

Ferrari

Angelis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Military personnels are frequently exposed to environmental pollutants that can cause a variety of diseases. Methods: This review analyzed publications regarding epidemiological and biomonitoring studies on occupationally-exposed military personnels. Results: The exposures include sulfur mustard, organ chlorines, combustion products, fuel vapors, and ionizing and exciting radiations. Important factors to be considered are the lengths and intensities of exposures, its proximity to the sources of environmental pollutants, as well as confounding factors (cigarette smoke, diet, photo-type, healthy warrior effect, etc.). Assessment of environmental and individual exposures to pollutants is crucial, although often omitted, because soldiers have often been evaluated based on reported health problems rather than on excessive exposure to pollutants. Biomarkers of exposures and effects are tools to explore relationships between exposures and diseases in military personnels. Another observation from this review is a major problem from the lack of suitable control groups. Conclusions: This review indicates that only studies which analyzed epidemiological and molecular biomarkers in both exposed and control groups would provide evidence-based conclusions on exposure and disease risk in military personnels.

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Section: Organochlorinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%