This work is dedicated to the hundreds of refugees who have honored me by sharing their journey, and to my family who have accompanied me to fulfilling my dream, my husband, Dan, my daughters, Sydel, Kendall and Alexandra, my son Sadiq, my grandchildren, Natalie and Zakariya, and Ann. I am also very appreciative of the members of my dissertation committee who spent many hours reading, providing feedback and sharing resources. Each member contributed to the final product of this document in their own way, giving expertise, guidance, and support. I am grateful for their contributions, for setting a standard for which to achieve and for their sense of humor when I needed it most. My deep appreciation to Dr. Bibhuti Sar for leading the process and for his commitment to work with refugees, and in turn, to me. I am also very grateful to each member for their unique knowledge and direction, Dr.