Post-traumatic stress reactions among Rwandan children and adolescents in the early aftermath of genocide

Neugebauer, Richard; Fisher, Prudence; Turner, J. Blake; Yamabe, Saori; Sarsfield, Julia A; Stehling-Ariza, Tasha

doi:10.1093/ije/dyn375

Cited by 135 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results agree with a previous study that reported a prevalence of 90% for 'probable PTSD' among 1547 Rwandan children and adolescents with female preponderance [9]; our results also agree with those of Calderoni et al [8], who reported a 7.4% rate of PTSD among adolescents 8 months after 9/11 with a statistical trend toward affecting females more than males; however, in this study subthreshold symptoms were not included. Bokszczanin [6] reported a prevalence of 17.7% that persisted 28 months after a flood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Female adolescents additionally reported statistically significantly depressed mood, loss of interest, and psychomotor changes compared with male adolescents in the depressive domain. We agree with the explanation provided by Neugebauer et al [9] suggesting that biological as well as psychological and cultural factors contribute to this difference and that the specific biological as well as psychosocial sources of this sex difference await elucidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Occurrence of PTSD was statistically significantly higher among female adolescents compared with males, a finding that is in accordance with many similar studies [8,9,22,23]; however, the symptom profile of PTSD and depression in female adolescents provided us with a newer perspective, as females reported stronger feelings of detachment on the PTSD domain. This finding partially concurred with previous studies reporting that female students had significantly higher rates of many of the individual symptoms of PTSD compared with male students [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Work on children exposed to natural disasters and on adults and children experiencing interpersonal violence in industrialized societies has gained considerable momentum during the past decade [7,8]. However, PTSD research from lowincome countries traumatized by violence has been slow [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents after the revolution

Rabie¹,

El‐Sheikh²,

Elsayed³

et al. 2015

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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BackgroundTrauma experienced by adolescents has considerable importance because significant physical and emotional growth occurs at this age. With the events of the Arab Spring and the Egyptian revolution in 2011, many adolescents faced highly challenging and dramatic life events. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was clinically noticed in this group of patients. Aim Because of the scarcity of research during this critical period, we aimed to determine the occurrence of PTSD in a sample of adolescent students in Tanta in order to assess their level of anxiety and study comorbid disorders. Methodology A total of 423 adolescents were randomly selected from both public and private schools with random selection of the participating classes. The enrolled students were subjected to the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale to determine the level of anxiety, to the PTSD Checklist -Civilian Version, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as a diagnostic interview for PTSD and associated comorbidities. Results PTSD was seen in 16.31% of students, which was highly significantly more among female students compared with male students (P = 0.006). The highest comorbidity was major depressive disorder in 33.33% of the sample, followed by social phobia in 28.99%. The level of anxiety on Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was highly significantly associated with female sex, public school education, and presence of PTSD (Po0.001). ConclusionDespite its limitations, this study played an exploratory role in revealing the incidence, comorbidity, and risks for PTSD among adolescent students in Tanta and we recommend a replication of the study in adolescents belonging to other geographic locations in Egypt to draw effective educational programs on adolescent mental health for parents and teachers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents after the revolution

Rabie¹,

El‐Sheikh²,

Elsayed³

et al. 2015

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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show abstract

“…Provision of rapid, accessible treatments that can be peer-administered can be critical to reduce the long-lasting effects of such trauma (Ghosh et al, 2004). Posttraumatic Stress (PTS/PTSD) in these populations is often widespread, ranging from 44% to 62% in children (Neugebauer et al, 2009;Schaal and Elbert, 2006). Rates in adults are somewhat lower, around 25% (Pham et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thought Field Therapy Efficacy Following Large Scale Traumatic Events

Dunnewold¹

2014

Current Research in Psychology

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A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda

Zeller

Conrad

Schneider

et al. 2020

Aggressive Behavior

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Individuals who perpetrate violence may likely perceive violence as appealing and infliction of violence to derive pleasure is termed as appetitive aggression. Individuals who were abducted as children into an armed group often experience a higher number of traumatic event types, that is traumatic load and are usually socialized in a violence-endorsing environment. This study aims to investigate the interaction between age at initial abduction with that of traumatic load, and their influence on appetitive aggression along with perpetration of violent acts by former members of an armed rebel group of both sexes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a target group of formerly abducted rebel-war survivors (including participants with and without combat experience) from Northern Uganda. Participants included 596 women and 570 men with N = 1,166 (M age = 32.58, SD age = 9.76, range: 18-80 years). We conducted robust linear regression models to investigate the influence of age at initial abduction, traumatic load, combat experience, and biological sex on appetitive aggression as well as their perpetrated violent acts. Our study shows, appetitive aggression and the number of perpetrated violent acts were specifically increased in individuals who were abducted young, experienced several traumatic events in their lifetime, and with previous combat experience. For perpetrated violence men showed increased levels whereas for appetitive aggression the association was independent of biological sex. Therefore, early abducted individuals with a higher traumatic load, who have combat experience, need to be given special intervention to prevent any further violence.

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Post-traumatic stress reactions among Rwandan children and adolescents in the early aftermath of genocide

Cited by 135 publications

References 39 publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents after the revolution

Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents after the revolution

Thought Field Therapy Efficacy Following Large Scale Traumatic Events

A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda

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