Post-traumatic stress disorders in women who experienced childhood incest

Lindberg, Frederick H.; Distad, Lois J.

doi:10.1016/0145-2134(85)90028-6

Cited by 230 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As expected, a life-time history of PTSD was associated with childhood sexual abuse although the prevalence of PTSD in those who had experienced CSA (23 per cent) was lower than other reported rates: prevalence of PTSD in adult survivors of CSA has been reported as high as between 46 per cent and 100 per cent (Brand, et al 1996;Fiermen et al, 1993;Craine et al, 1988;Rowan et al, 1991Rowan et al, , 1994Donaldson and Gardner, 1985;Lindberg and Distad, 1985). In part, this difference may be explained by the use of different criteria for CSA or for PTSD (e.g.…”

Section: Childhood Adversitymentioning

confidence: 62%

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relation to childhood adversity in subjects with eating disorders

turnbull

Troop

Treasure

1997

Eur. Eat. Disorders Rev.

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The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its relation to childhood adversity and Axis I psychiatric disorders was assessed in a clinical population of 164 eating disorders patients. Eleven per cent (18/164) had a lifetime history of PTSD. There was no difference in the prevalence of PTSD between the subgroups of eating disorders. Higher prevalences of PTSD symptoms were found in those who had a history of childhood sexual abuse (23 per cent versus 9 per cent; p50.05), discord in the home (16 per cent versus 6 per cent; p50.05) and high parental control (44 per cent versus 6 per cent; p50.001). Higher rates of life-time comorbidity of other Axis I disorders in PTSD sufferers was only found for anxiety disorders (67 per cent versus 39 per cent, p50.03).

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Section: Childhood Adversitymentioning

confidence: 62%

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relation to childhood adversity in subjects with eating disorders

turnbull

Troop

Treasure

1997

Eur. Eat. Disorders Rev.

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“…The lack of predictive value of the diagnostic measures was surprising. Research has suggested that co-occurring difficulties are associated with exacerbated negative outcomes and that PTSD is associated with emotional and behavioral problems (Briere & Runtz, 1993;Browne & Finkelhor, 1986;Goodwin, 1988;Kendall-Tackett et al, 1993;Kessler et al, 1995;Kolko, 1996;Lindberg & Distad, 1985;Roesler & McKenzie, 1994;Rowan & Foy, 1993) and health-risking sexual behavior (Lang et al, 2003;Wingood & DiClemente, 1998). Given this, it was expected that the diagnostic measures of full or partial PTSD diagnoses would be predictive of the girls who were at the greatest risk for engaging in delinquent and health-risking sexual behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, untreated PTSD symptoms and trauma experiences have been associated with numerous debilitating outcomes (Mullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, & Herbison, 1996;Neumann, Houskamp, Pollock, & Briere, 1996). Youths meeting full or partial criteria for PTSD are significantly more likely to experience serious behavioral, emotional, and health-related problems (Giaconia et al, 1995) and, when not effectively treated, tend to be at risk for experiencing similar or exacerbated problems in adulthood (Briere & Runtz, 1993;Browne & Finkelhor, 1986;Goodwin, 1988;Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993;Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995;Kolko, 1996;Lindberg & Distad, 1985;Roesler & McKenzie, 1994;Rowan & Foy, 1993). Therefore, developing strategies for early, accurate identification of those at high risk is crucial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adolescent Girls’ Offending and Health-Risking Sexual Behavior: The Predictive Role of Trauma

2006

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Several studies have highlighted high levels of risk for girls who have been exposed to traumatic experiences, but little is known about the exact relationship between traumatic experiences and problems with delinquency and health-risking sexual behavior (e.g., precipitory and/or exacerbatory roles). However, numerous short-and long-term detrimental effects have been linked to trauma, delinquency, and health-risking sexual behavior. The utility of diagnostic and experiential trauma measures in predicting the greatest risk for poor outcomes for delinquent girls was examined in this study. Results indicate that the experiential measures of trauma (cumulative and composite trauma scores) significantly predicted adolescent offending and adolescent health-risking sexual behavior, whereas the diagnostic measures of trauma (full and partial diagnostic criteria) did not. Adolescent Girls' Offending and Health-Risking Sexual Behavior: The Predictive Role of TraumaExposure to a traumatic event can result in significant psychological disturbance. Common symptoms include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and a variety of behavioral problems (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1998). Furthermore, untreated PTSD symptoms and trauma experiences have been associated with numerous debilitating outcomes (Mullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, & Herbison, 1996;Neumann, Houskamp, Pollock, & Briere, 1996). Youths meeting full or partial criteria for PTSD are significantly more likely to experience serious behavioral, emotional, and health-related problems (Giaconia et al., 1995) and, when not effectively treated, tend to be at risk for experiencing similar or exacerbated problems in adulthood (Briere & Runtz, 1993;Browne & Finkelhor, 1986;Goodwin, 1988;Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993;Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995;Kolko, 1996;Lindberg & Distad, 1985;Roesler & McKenzie, 1994;Rowan & Foy, 1993). Therefore, developing strategies for early, accurate identification of those at high risk is crucial.Research has identified a link between early childhood trauma and high rates of health-risking sexual behavior, conduct problems, and criminal offending in adolescence (Brener, McMahon,

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“…17,[39][40][41][42] In the current study, childhood sexual abuse (.25) and previous rape (.26) are both significantly associated with BDI scores. Contrary to our hypothesis, a history of childhood sexual abuse was not associated with scores on the ICI.…”

Section: Respondentsmentioning

confidence: 80%

A model for predicting depression in victims of rape

Regehr¹,

Regehr²,

Bradford³

1999

Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine

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This article proposes a model for understanding the factors contributing to longstanding depression in women who have been raped. A path analysis of data obtained from 71 women who had been raped revealed that women with generalized beliefs that they could not control events in their lives were more likely to attribute responsibility for their rape to permanent intrapsychic factors and were more likely to be depressed. Women who perceived that they had higher levels of internal control tended to have higher levels of education, were more likely to be employed, and were less likely to be depressed more than one year after having been raped. Childhood sexual abuse was not associated with internal control or attributions of causality or depression in this analysis. Implications for the determination of prognosis and treatment recommendations in civil litigation assessments are discussed.Forensic mental health practitioners are increasingly asked to assess the damages to victims of sexual assault who are seeking financial compensation for the devastating effects of rape. These effects include depression and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.'. In addition to documenting current levels of distress, we are also often asked to comment on long-term prognosis and possible treatment outcomes. This article seeks to develop a model for understanding facDr. Cheryl Regehr is affiliated with Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo; Dr. Glenn Regehr with the University of Toronto, Toronto; and Dr. Bradford with the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. This research was genel-ously funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Reseal-ch Council of Canada. This paper was presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, October 1997, Denver, CO. Address correspondence to: Cheryl Regehr, PhD, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario. N2L 3C5 Canada. tors contributing to long-standing depression in women who have been raped in an effort to assist with the determination of prognosis and treatment recommendations.Depressive symptoms are commonly reported in longitudinal studies of women who have been raped. Initial reactions to sexual assault include sleep and eating disturbances, fatigue, suicidal ideation, and feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and hopelessness.' Reported rates of depression in women during the first four weeks following a rape experience range from 68 percent4 to 75 percent.5 These initial high levels of distress have been found to diminish to normal levels in the majority of women within the first few months postrape.5p7 For many women, however, residual problems persist. In a study of

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Post-traumatic stress disorders in women who experienced childhood incest

Cited by 230 publications

References 12 publications

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relation to childhood adversity in subjects with eating disorders

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relation to childhood adversity in subjects with eating disorders

Adolescent Girls’ Offending and Health-Risking Sexual Behavior: The Predictive Role of Trauma

A model for predicting depression in victims of rape

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