Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Indian Perspective

Pillai, Lalitha V.; Mehta, Sureshkumar G.; Chaudhari, Bhushan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_88

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Instead, they used idioms and descriptions to talk about trauma. This finding could be related to previous ones suggesting that somatic expression of psychological distress is common in India (Pillai, Mehta, & Chaudhari, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“It should not have happened”: metaphorical expressions, idioms, and narrative descriptions related to trauma in an indigenous community in India

Rechsteiner

Tol²,

Maercker

2019

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: Psychological trauma can be viewed as a metaphor which originates from somatic medicine and comes from the Greek word “wound”. To gain a better understanding of trauma in a culturally sensitive way, the present project aimed to explore alternative metaphors used to describe extreme aversive or catastrophic events.Methods: This ethnopsychological study was carried out among the Adivasis indigenous people in tribal communities in Pune, India. We performed 28 interviews with lay persons and key informants, focusing on collectively shared metaphors. The data were examined using systematic metaphor analysis.Results: While the most prevalent metaphorical concepts found related to shock and wound, we also identified culture-specific idioms and common themes in the descriptions related to trauma. The most predominant expression, which was used by all of the participants, was “this should not have happened” (asa nahi vhayala pahije hota). These findings indicate that metaphorical concepts reflect implicit worldviews and beliefs in the community under study.Conclusion: The main implication of the results found is to increase awareness of different expressions in clinical settings, pointing to potential approaches to the cultural adaptation of clinical interventions in general.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“It should not have happened”: metaphorical expressions, idioms, and narrative descriptions related to trauma in an indigenous community in India

Rechsteiner

Tol²,

Maercker

2019

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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“…For instance, in the Indian setting, somatic expression of PTSD may be more common than its classic symptoms. 19,31,32 Our study showed that most patients were exposed to interpersonal trauma than noninterpersonal trauma (see Table 2). Of those who had interpersonal traumas, most were females, and a high percentage of them were exposed to sexual abuse perpetrated by close family relatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…There might be variations in the manifestation of PTSD symptoms in the Indian culture, as trauma reaction can differ from culture to culture. 19 Such culture-specific symptoms might not have been captured by the diagnostic system used in our routine psychiatric setting. For instance, in the Indian setting, somatic expression of PTSD may be more common than its classic symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Chart Review of Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Data from a Tertiary Care Psychiatry Center in India

Krishnakumari

Manjula

Hegde

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an understudied construct in the psychiatric setting. The majority of existing Indian studies on PTSD focus on the general population or disaster-stricken communities. Here, we present data from a five-year retrospective chart review from a tertiary care psychiatric center in India. Methods: Medical records of adult patients (≥18 years) who had attended psychiatry outpatient services between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2020 (five years) and were diagnosed with PTSD, as per ICD-10 criteria, were reviewed ( n = 113). The relevant sociodemographic and clinical details were extracted using a semistructured pro forma. Results: The percentage of adult patients with PTSD diagnosis in the five years was 0.22%. PTSD was more common in females (n = 65, 57.5%). Most patients had interpersonal trauma (n = 85, 75.2%), specifically sexual abuse (n = 47, 41.6%).The median age of onset was 22 years. All the patients had re-experiencing symptoms, with an equally high rate of avoidance (n = 109, 96.5%) and arousal symptoms (n = 110, 97.3%). 82%(93) had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, with mood disorder being the most common (n = 44, 38.9%). Males had a higher rate of comorbid substance use disorder (n = 14, 29.2%) and depression (n = 20, 42%), and females had a higher rate of comorbid dissociative disorder (n = 13, 20%). Most of the patients received non-trauma-focused psychological interventions, and only 18% (20) received evidence-based trauma-focused psychological interventions. Conclusion: Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual abuse, largely contributes to PTSD among adults attending psychiatric services. The need for trauma-focused psychological interventions is underscored.

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“…[ 8 ] While considering the Indian perspective, the prevalence varies from a lesser percentage to as high as 70%, which can be due to methodological differences, methods of sampling, or case detection. [ 9 ] A common psychiatric illness comorbid with PTSD is depression. [ 10 ] A high percentage of the PTSD group who recently faced a MVA also met the criteria of major depressive disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among survivors of motor vehicle accidents from a hilly Indian state

Arora

Belsiyal

Rawat

2021

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background: Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are the leading cause of death and have also been proven debilitating for their survivors. In India, with poor road infrastructure and low maintenance, MVAs are quite apparent. With a significant focus of treatment on physical health, psychological consequences linked to these traumas are often neglected. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, as well as the determinants of these disorders among survivors of MVAs. Materials and Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 250 survivors of MVA visiting a tertiary care center in Uttarakhand (India) during December 2019, recruited using total enumerative sampling. Data were collected with standardized and validated tools that consisted of sociodemographic information, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, including descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and mean percentage) and inferential statistics (Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and binary logistic regression). Results: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was found to be 32.4%, and mild and moderate depressions were present among 14.4% and 6.4% of the study population, respectively. Witnessing death (odds ratio [OR] = 5.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92–3.06), loss of valuables (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 0.78–9.04), self-blame (OR = 6.06; 95% CI = 1.15–31.91), and perceived death threat (OR = 9.98; 95% CI = 5.89–46.85) acted as determinants in the occurrence of PTSD and depression. Conclusion: A considerably large proportion of the population suffered from psychiatric disorders following the trauma. These must be addressed with an urgent development of multidisciplinary teams incorporating mental health services across all hospitals' trauma units.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Indian Perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

“It should not have happened”: metaphorical expressions, idioms, and narrative descriptions related to trauma in an indigenous community in India

“It should not have happened”: metaphorical expressions, idioms, and narrative descriptions related to trauma in an indigenous community in India

A Systematic Chart Review of Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Data from a Tertiary Care Psychiatry Center in India

Prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among survivors of motor vehicle accidents from a hilly Indian state

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