Abstract:Prior reviews of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have not focused on the civilian survivors most directly exposed to the attacks. Survivors include those individuals who were occupants of buildings in or near the World Trade Center (WTC) towers, those whose primary residence or workplace was in the vicinity, and persons who were on the street passing through the area. This review reports published information on the prevalence of and risk factors for PTSD, as well as comorbidities associated… Show more
“…However, psychiatric disorders must be analysed in the global context of the pandemic, which has led to significant changes in lifestyle, economy, work, and social relationships. In fact, the high percentage of PTSD is comparable to that described in studies conducted in survivors of wars and catastrophes ( 38 , 39 ).…”
Objectives
To determine the health status, exercise capacity, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors, 8 months after diagnosis.
Methods
All eligible patients were interviewed and underwent a physical examination, chest X-ray, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Scales to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and HRQoL were applied.
Results
Of 1,295 patients, 365 suffered ARDS and 166 survived to hospital discharge. Five died after discharge and 48 were lost to follow-up. Of the 113 remaining patients, 81% had persistent symptoms. More than 50% of patients completed less than 80% of the theoretical distance on the 6MWT, 50% had an abnormal X-ray and 93% of patients developed psychiatric disorders. Mean SF-36 scores were worse than in the general population. After multivariate regression analysis, female sex, non-Caucasian race, and Charlson index>2 were independent risk factors for a worse mental health component summary score on the SF-36, and age was associated with a better prognosis. Female sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independently associated with a worse physical component summary score.
Conclusion
COVID-19 associated ARDS survivors have long-term consequences in health status, exercise capacity, and HRQoL. Strategies addressed to prevent these sequelae are needed.
“…However, psychiatric disorders must be analysed in the global context of the pandemic, which has led to significant changes in lifestyle, economy, work, and social relationships. In fact, the high percentage of PTSD is comparable to that described in studies conducted in survivors of wars and catastrophes ( 38 , 39 ).…”
Objectives
To determine the health status, exercise capacity, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors, 8 months after diagnosis.
Methods
All eligible patients were interviewed and underwent a physical examination, chest X-ray, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Scales to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and HRQoL were applied.
Results
Of 1,295 patients, 365 suffered ARDS and 166 survived to hospital discharge. Five died after discharge and 48 were lost to follow-up. Of the 113 remaining patients, 81% had persistent symptoms. More than 50% of patients completed less than 80% of the theoretical distance on the 6MWT, 50% had an abnormal X-ray and 93% of patients developed psychiatric disorders. Mean SF-36 scores were worse than in the general population. After multivariate regression analysis, female sex, non-Caucasian race, and Charlson index>2 were independent risk factors for a worse mental health component summary score on the SF-36, and age was associated with a better prognosis. Female sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independently associated with a worse physical component summary score.
Conclusion
COVID-19 associated ARDS survivors have long-term consequences in health status, exercise capacity, and HRQoL. Strategies addressed to prevent these sequelae are needed.
“…The prevalence of 9/11-related PTSD has varied from 3.8% to 29.6%, depending on populations and time periods [ 1 ]. Previous studies found that exposure to the 9/11 terrorist attack was associated with elevated PTSD levels among a cohort of WTC-exposed adults years after the disaster [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. While the prevalence of PTSD among WTC survivors has decreased over time, elevated levels of PTSD have persisted for a substantial subgroup.…”
Research on the longitudinal relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support among survivors of large-scale trauma is limited. This study assessed bidirectional relationships between PTSD and perceived social support in a large sample of the 9/11-exposed cohort over a 14-year follow-up. We used data from 23,165 World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees who were exposed to the 9/11 attacks and participated in the first four WTCHR surveys (Wave 1 (2003–2004) to Wave 4 (2015–2016)). PTSD symptoms were measured using the 17-item PTSD Checklist. Perceived social support was measured using the five-item version of the Modified Social Support Survey. We used a cross-lagged panel analysis and found an inverse relationship between PTSD symptoms and social support. PTSD at Wave 2 (W2) predicted less social support at Wave 3 (W3) (β = −0.10, p < 0.01), and PTSD at W3 predicted less social support at W4 (β = −0.05, p < 0.01). Conversely, social support at W3 buffered PTSD symptoms at W4 (β = −0.03, p < 0.05). Sub-analyses by types of perceived social support suggest greater effects of PTSD on emotional support than tangible support and in community members than rescue/recovery workers. Our findings suggest a bidirectional effect between PTSD symptoms and social support in a longitudinal study of 9/11-exposed populations.
“…The long-term health effects of the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11) have been acknowledged in recent literature. The frequently studied health outcomes linked to 9/11 include physical health conditions such as asthma, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, [1][2][3][4][5][6] mental health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, [7][8][9][10] and physical and mental health comorbidities. 11 Many studies have reported significant associations between these health outcomes and 9/11-related dust exposure, [1][2][3][4][5][6] with some studies also noting the temporal associations between mental health problems, particularly 9/11-related PTSD, and physical health outcomes.…”
Background
Few studies have examined the association between disaster‐related factors and stroke by subtype or number. We investigated the association between 9/11‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dust exposure, and stroke subtype as well as recurrent strokes.
Methods
The study included 29,012 individuals enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Stroke cases were obtained by matching Registry enrollees to the New York State Department of Health's discharge records for inpatient visits between 2000 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to examine the association between 9/11‐related risk factors and stroke by subtype. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to assess the associations between the same risk factors and the number of stroke hospitalizations.
Results
Having PTSD significantly increased the risk of developing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with adjusted hazards ratios (AHRs) of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–2.10) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10–2.71), respectively. The point estimate for dust cloud exposure, although not significant statistically, suggested an increased risk of ischemic stroke (AHR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96–1.50). PTSD was significantly associated with recurrent strokes with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.09–2.95).
Conclusions
PTSD is a risk factor for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and is associated with recurrent strokes. Dust exposure on 9/11 is a possible risk factor for ischemic stroke but not for hemorrhagic stroke, and was not associated with recurrent strokes. Our findings warrant additional research on stroke‐morbidity and mortality associated with 9/11‐related PTSD and dust exposure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.