Post-translational regulation of WRKY transcription factors in plant immunity

Ishihama, Nobuaki; Yoshioka, Hirofumi

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2012.02.003

Cited by 195 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Nuclear matrix proteins involved in nuclear remodeling, in conjunction with histone modification, chromatin remodelers, and other regulatory proteins, can result in transcription reprogramming in plants upon pathogen infection (52). WRKY transcription factors, participating in the control of defense-related genes and activated by MAPK-dependent phosphorylation, are the key players in the plant defense response (53). The alfalfa zinc finger protein has been reported as a transcription factor regulating gene expression due to abiotic stress (54).…”

Section: Differential Regulation Of Signaling Pathways Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battle through Signaling between Wheat and the Fungal Pathogen Septoria tritici Revealed by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

Yang

Melo‐Braga

Larsen

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The fungus Septoria tritici causes the disease septoria tritici blotch in wheat, one of the most economically devastating foliar diseases in this crop. To investigate signaling events and defense responses in the wheat-S. tritici interaction, we performed a time-course study of S. tritici infection in resistant and susceptible wheat using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics, with special emphasis on the initial biotrophic phase of interactions. Our study revealed an accumulation of defense and stress-related proteins, suppression of photosynthesis, and changes in sugar metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions. However, differential regulation of the phosphorylation status of signaling proteins, transcription and translation regulators, and membraneassociated proteins was observed between two interactions. The proteomic data were correlated with a more rapid or stronger accumulation of signal molecules, including calcium, H 2 O 2 , NO, and sugars, in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar in response to the infection. Additionally, 31 proteins and 5 phosphoproteins from the pathogen were identified, including metabolic proteins and signaling proteins such as GTP-binding proteins, 14 -3-3 proteins, and calcium-binding proteins. Quantitative PCR analysis showed the expression of fungal signaling genes and genes encoding a superoxide dismutase and cell-wall degrading enzymes. These results indicate roles of signaling, antioxidative stress mechanisms, and nutrient acquisition in facilitating the initial symptomless growth. Taken in its entirety, our dataset suggests interplay between the plant and S. tritici through complex signaling networks and downstream molecular events. Resistance is likely related to several rapidly and intensively triggered signal transduction cascades resulting in a multiple-level activation of transcription and translation processes of defense responses. Our sensitive approaches and model provide a comprehensive (phospho)proteomics resource for studying signaling from the point of view of both host and pathogen during a plant-pathogen interaction. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 12:

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Section: Differential Regulation Of Signaling Pathways Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battle through Signaling between Wheat and the Fungal Pathogen Septoria tritici Revealed by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

Yang

Melo‐Braga

Larsen

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…The MEK2-SIPK/WIPK cascade (MEK2 cascade) is highly conserved in diverse plant species and participates in defense responses (Tanaka et al, 2009). Some WRKY transcription factors appear to be regulated by MAPKs at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in defense-related signaling pathways (Pandey and Somssich, 2009;Ishihama and Yoshioka, 2012) and positively or negatively regulate defense responses (Eulgem and Somssich, 2007;Shen et al, 2007). WRKY8, a group I WRKY transcriptional factor in N. benthamiana, is a substrate of pathogen-responsive MAPKs and is specifically phosphorylated by SIPK and WIPK in plants (Ishihama et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WRKY Transcription Factors Phosphorylated by MAPK Regulate a Plant Immune NADPH Oxidase in Nicotiana benthamiana

Adachi

Nakano

Miyagawa³

et al. 2015

Plant Cell

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242

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Pathogen attack sequentially confers pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) after sensing of pathogen patterns and effectors by plant immune receptors, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in PTI and ETI as signaling molecules. Nicotiana benthamiana RBOHB, an NADPH oxidase, is responsible for both the transient PTI ROS burst and the robust ETI ROS burst. Here, we show that RBOHB transactivation mediated by MAPK contributes to R3a/AVR3a-triggered ETI (AVR3a-ETI) ROS burst. RBOHB is markedly induced during the ETI and INF1-triggered PTI (INF1-PTI), but not flg22-tiggered PTI (flg22-PTI). We found that the RBOHB promoter contains a functional W-box in the R3a/AVR3a and INF1 signalresponsive cis-element. Ectopic expression of four phospho-mimicking mutants of WRKY transcription factors, which are MAPK substrates, induced RBOHB, and yeast one-hybrid analysis indicated that these mutants bind to the cis-element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated direct binding of the WRKY to the cis-element in plants. Silencing of multiple WRKY genes compromised the upregulation of RBOHB, resulting in impairment of AVR3a-ETI and INF1-PTI ROS bursts, but not the flg22-PTI ROS burst. These results suggest that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is required for AVR3a-ETI and INF1-PTI ROS bursts by activation of RBOHB.

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“…Arabidopsis WRKY45 mediates the expression of a transporter needed for phosphate acquisition, providing insight into how WRKYs manage plant tolerance to soil abiotic stress . Additionally, WRKYs function in biotic stress tolerance to numerous pathogens (Zheng et al, 2006;Pandey and Somssich, 2009;Ishihama and Yoshioka, 2012;Chen et al, 2013). WRKYs also have been found to be degraded by the 26S proteasome, divulging the role of proteolysis in regulating WRKY TF functions (Matsushita et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

2014

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WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are well known for regulating plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. However, much less is known about how WRKY TFs affect plant-specialized metabolism. Analysis of WRKY TFs regulating the production of specialized metabolites emphasizes the values of the family outside of traditionally accepted roles in stress tolerance. WRKYs with conserved roles across plant species seem to be essential in regulating specialized metabolism. Overall, the WRKY family plays an essential role in regulating the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical, aromatherapy, biofuel, and industrial components, warranting considerable attention in the forthcoming years.

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Post-translational regulation of WRKY transcription factors in plant immunity

Cited by 195 publications

References 58 publications

Battle through Signaling between Wheat and the Fungal Pathogen Septoria tritici Revealed by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

Battle through Signaling between Wheat and the Fungal Pathogen Septoria tritici Revealed by Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics

WRKY Transcription Factors Phosphorylated by MAPK Regulate a Plant Immune NADPH Oxidase in Nicotiana benthamiana

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

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