Post-translational cleavage and self-interaction of the phytoplasma effector SAP11

Lu, Yen‐Ting; Cheng, Kai-Tan; Jiang, Shin-Ying; Yang, Jun-Yi

doi:10.4161/psb.28991

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As biotrophic pathogens, phytoplasmas establish a long‐term feeding relationship with living hosts to obtain nutrients. To achieve this relation, dozens of candidate effectors are predicted to be delivered into host cells (Bai et al., ), with some demonstrated to suppress plant immune responses, regulate plant development, increase insect vector reproduction and promote colonization (Hoshi et al., ; Lu et al, ; MacLean et al., ; Maejima et al., ; Minato et al., ; Sugio et al., ; Tan et al., ; Wang et al., ). Witches’ broom symptoms, characterized by the production of many axillary shoots, are induced by most phytoplasmas, making witches’ broom one of the typical symptoms for the discovery of new phytoplasma candidates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches’ broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1

Wang

Yang

Yin

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted phytopathogenic bacteria, which secrete effector proteins that are often responsible for altering the plant morphology and behaviours of their vectors. Phytoplasma multifunctional effector proteins TENGU and SAP11 induce typical witches' broom symptoms, but their mode of action remains unknown. Previously, we have identified a SAP11-like effector from wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma, SWP1, which induces witches' broom symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana. In this study, we observed that SWP1-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed typical witches' broom symptoms. On overexpression of SWP1 truncation mutants in N. benthamiana, we identified that the coiled-coil domain and nuclear localization were responsible for the induction of witches' broom symptoms. In addition, using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated that SWP1 interacts with A. thaliana transcription factor TCP18 (BRC1), the key negative regulator of branching signals in various plant species. Moreover, in planta co-expression analysis showed that SWP1 promotes the degradation of BRC1 via a proteasome system. These findings suggest that the phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches' broom symptoms through targeting of BRC1 and promoting its degradation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, SAP11 destabilizes plant TCP transcription factors via an unknown pathway (Sugio et al., , ). In addition, TENGU and SAP11 themselves undergo proteolytic processing to generate small peptides (Lu et al., ; Sugawara et al., ). SWP1 promotes the degradation of BRC1 and undergoes post‐translational cleavage (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches’ broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1

Wang

Yang

Yin

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much progress has been made in unravelling the molecular basis of phytoplasma infection using the Ca. P. asteris strain aster yellow‐witches’ broom (AY‐WB), mainly by the identification and characterization of the bacterial effectors that play a role in disease manifestation and symptom development in Arabidopsis thaliana (Bai et al ., ; Kartte and Seemüller, ; Lu et al ., ; MacLean et al ., ; Sugawara et al ., ; Sugio et al ., , b). Although the genome has been fully sequenced (Kube et al ., ), no functional effector protein of P. mali has been described to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

An effector of apple proliferation phytoplasma targets TCP transcription factors—a generalized virulence strategy of phytoplasma?

Janik

Mithöfer

Raffeiner

et al. 2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The plant pathogen Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (P. mali) is the causative agent of apple proliferation, a disease of increasing importance in apple-growing areas within Europe. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of disease manifestation within apple trees. In this study, we identified two TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) transcription factors of Malus x domestica as binding partners of the P. mali SAP11-like effector ATP_00189. Phytohormone analyses revealed an effect of P. mali infection on jasmonates, salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels, showing that P. mali affects phytohormonal levels in apple trees, which is in line with the functions of the effector assumed from its binding to TCP transcription factors. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the molecular targets of a P. mali effector and thus provides the basis to better understand symptom development and disease progress during apple proliferation. As SAP11 homologues are found in several Phytoplasma species infecting a broad range of different plants, SAP11-like proteins seem to be key players in phytoplasmal infection.

show abstract

“…Several authors have utilized plant heterologous expression systems to investigate the function of phytoplasma SAPs ( MacLean et al, 2011 ; Lu et al, 2014a ; Yang et al, 2015 ). In these studies transgenic A. thaliana expressing individual phytoplasma SAPs were screened for symptom development and plant abnormalities ( MacLean et al, 2011 ; Lu et al, 2014a ; Yang et al, 2015 ). After a relevant phenotype was identified, plant gene expression changes and plant proteins interacting with the phytoplasma proteins were examined ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Approaches To Study Vector-borne Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Borne Bacterial Plant Pathogens: Interactions with Hemipteran Insects and Plants

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hemipteran insects are devastating pests of crops due to their wide host range, rapid reproduction, and ability to transmit numerous plant-infecting pathogens as vectors. While the field of plant–virus–vector interactions has flourished in recent years, plant–bacteria–vector interactions remain poorly understood. Leafhoppers and psyllids are by far the most important vectors of bacterial pathogens, yet there are still significant gaps in our understanding of their feeding behavior, salivary secretions, and plant responses as compared to important viral vectors, such as whiteflies and aphids. Even with an incomplete understanding of plant–bacteria–vector interactions, some common themes have emerged: (1) all known vector-borne bacteria share the ability to propagate in the plant and insect host; (2) particular hemipteran families appear to be incapable of transmitting vector-borne bacteria; (3) all known vector-borne bacteria have highly reduced genomes and coding capacity, resulting in host-dependence; and (4) vector-borne bacteria encode proteins that are essential for colonization of specific hosts, though only a few types of proteins have been investigated. Here, we review the current knowledge on important vector-borne bacterial pathogens, including Xylella fastidiosa, Spiroplasma spp., Liberibacter spp., and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma spp.’. We then highlight recent approaches used in the study of vector-borne bacteria. Finally, we discuss the application of this knowledge for control and future directions that will need to be addressed in the field of vector–plant–bacteria interactions.

show abstract

Post-translational cleavage and self-interaction of the phytoplasma effector SAP11

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches’ broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1

Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches’ broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1

An effector of apple proliferation phytoplasma targets TCP transcription factors—a generalized virulence strategy of phytoplasma?

Vector-Borne Bacterial Plant Pathogens: Interactions with Hemipteran Insects and Plants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About