Post‐transcriptional gene regulation in the biology and virulence of<i>Candida albicans</i>

Verma-Gaur, Jiyoti; Traven, Ana

doi:10.1111/cmi.12593

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(173 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The various morphological forms of C. albicans (Figure 2) have been associated with the shift from commensal or pathogenic states. The change from yeast to hyphae is thought to help cell adhesion and facilitate tissue infection, macrophage evasion and biofilm development [10].…”

Section: Established Pathogens Of the Candida Species 21 Candida Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pathogens of the Candida Species

Yang¹,

Rao²

2019

Candida Albicans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, opportunistic and nosocomial fungal pathogens have been dominated by yeasts of the genus Candida. Most of the research has focused on Candida albicans since it is the most prominent etiological agent. There are numerous publications that describe the biology, virulence factors, morphology, immunity, genomics, diseases, and laboratory aspects of Candida albicans. In this chapter we offer a historic perspective of C. albicans and focus on other non-albicans candida (NAC) that cause serious disease. We review the current knowledge of emerging NAC pathogens with useful graphics and current references. This chapter is laid out as an overview and is geared for students seeking basic information and may be superficial for an infectious diseases clinician.

show abstract

Section: Established Pathogens Of the Candida Species 21 Candida Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pathogens of the Candida Species

Yang¹,

Rao²

2019

Candida Albicans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, the Ccr4–Pop2 mRNA deadenylase complex, which contains exonuclease activity important for shortening mRNA poly(A) tails to control stability and translation, was demonstrated to play a role in C. albicans cell wall integrity, antifungal drug resistance, filamentation and virulence [53, 75] (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Regulation Of C Albicans Morphology and Pathogenicity By Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of this review, I will define post-transcriptional mechanisms as those that occur following synthesis of the primary transcript but before the gene is translated to protein. In recent years new studies are beginning to provide novel and valuable information about this highly important, but understudied area [53]. More specifically, a number of advances have been made towards our understanding of how C. albicans morphology and/or pathogenicity are controlled at the level of alternative transcript localization, mRNA transcript stability and translation (specific genes associated with these mechanisms are shown in Table 1 and discussed below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Candida albicans morphology and pathogenicity by post-transcriptional mechanisms

Kadosh

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida albicans is a major human fungal pathogen responsible for both systemic and mucosal infections in a wide variety of immunocompromised individuals. Because the ability of C. albicans to undergo a reversible morphological transition from yeast to filaments is important for virulence, significant research efforts have focused on mechanisms that control this transition. While transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms have been well-studied, considerably less is known about the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms. However, in recent years several discoveries have begun to shed light on this important, but understudied, area. Here, I will review a variety of post-transcriptional mechanisms that have recently been shown to control C. albicans morphology, virulence and/or virulence-related processes, including those involving alternative transcript localization, mRNA stability and translation. I will also discuss the role that these mechanisms play in other pathogens as well as the potential they may hold to serve as targets for new antifungal strategies. Ultimately, gaining a better understanding of C. albicans post-transcriptional mechanisms will significantly improve our knowledge of how morphogenesis and virulence are controlled in fungal pathogens and open new avenues for the development of novel and more effective antifungals.

show abstract

“…In eukaryotes, the level, processing, localization and/or structure of the primary transcript determine the initial amount of the encoded protein, which is subsequently lowered by different rates of proteolytic degradation. Some of such posttranscriptional processes and their underlying mechanisms have been described in C. albicans to regulate levels of proteins including transcription factors (15, 16). Transcript degradation involves poly(A) tail removal by deadenylase subunits Ccr4/Pop2 (17), hydrolysis of the 5’ cap by decapping activators Dhh1/Edc3 (18), decapping enzyme Dcp1 (18) and mRNA digestion by exonuclease Xrn1/Kem1 (19, 20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 5’ untranslated region of theEFG1transcript promotes its translation to regulate hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans

Desai

Lengeler

Kapitan

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

21 22 23 Extensive 5´ untranslated regions (UTR) are a hallmark of transcripts determining hyphal 24 morphogenesis in Candida albicans. The major transcripts of the EFG1 gene, which are 25 responsible for cellular morphogenesis and metabolism, contain a 5´ UTR of up to 1170 nt. 26 Deletion analyses of the 5´ UTR revealed a 218 nt sequence that is required for production 27 of the Efg1 protein and its functions in filamentation, without lowering the level and 28 integrity of the EFG1 transcript. Polysomal analyses revealed that the 218 nt 5´ UTR 29 sequence is required for efficient translation of the Efg1 protein. Replacement of the EFG1 30 ORF by the heterologous reporter gene CaCBGluc confirmed the positive regulatory 31 importance of the identified 5´ UTR sequence. In contrast to other reported transcripts 32 containing extensive 5´ UTR sequences, these results indicate the positive translational 33 function of the 5´ UTR sequence in the EFG1 transcript, which is observed in context of the 34 native EFG1 promoter. The results suggest that the 5´ UTR recruits regulatory factors, 35 possibly during emergence of the native transcript, which aid in translation of the EFG1 36 transcript. 37 38 39 3 IMPORTANCE 40 Many of the virulence traits that make Candida albicans an important human fungal 41 pathogen are regulated on a transcriptional level. Here we report an important regulatory 42 contribution of translation, which is exerted by the extensive 5´ untranslated regulatory 43 sequence (5´ UTR) of the transcript for the protein Efg1, which determines growth, 44 metabolism and filamentation in the fungus. Presence of the 5´ UTR is required for efficient 45 translation of Efg1, to promote filamentation. Because transcripts for many relevant 46 regulators contain extensive 5´ UTR sequences, it appears that virulence of C. albicans 47 48 49 KEYWORDS: Candida albicans; EFG1; filamentation; hyphal morphogenesis; 5´ UTR; 50 posttranscriptional regulation; translation 51 52 Transcriptional networks are known to govern growth and virulence of the human 53 fungal pathogen C. albicans. Transcription factors have been identified that regulate the 54 interconversion between its yeast cell form and a filamentous hyphal form, or the rod-like 55 opaque form. Efg1 is a key bHLH-type regulatory protein that controls hyphal 56 morphogenesis in a dual manner, promoting filamentation under normoxia in the presence 57 of environmental cues (1, 2), but repressing it under hypoxia (3, 4). Its promoting function 58 depends on increased histone acetylation and chromatin remodelling at promoters of target 59 genes (5), which facilitates hyphal initiation; shortly thereafter, however, EFG1 expression is 60 strongly downregulated to prevent its interference with subsequent processes required for 61 hyphal formation (6, 7). Under hypoxia, Efg1 represses the expression of genes encoding 62 hyphal inducers Ace2 and Brg1, thereby downregulating filamentation (8), and it regulates 63 the hypoxia-specific expression of numerous genes. Furthe...

show abstract

Post‐transcriptional gene regulation in the biology and virulence ofCandida albicans

Cited by 23 publications

References 73 publications

Emerging Pathogens of the Candida Species

Emerging Pathogens of the Candida Species

Control of Candida albicans morphology and pathogenicity by post-transcriptional mechanisms

The 5’ untranslated region of theEFG1transcript promotes its translation to regulate hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About