Post-training amygdaloid lesions impair retention of an inhibitory avoidance response

Liang, Keng Chen; McGaugh, James L.; Martinez, Joe L.; Jensen, Robert A.; Vasquez, Beatriz J.; Messing, Rita B.

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(82)90002-x

Cited by 157 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similarly, amygdalectomized rats learned inhibitory avoidance task when trained extensively. Furthermore, retention of inhibitory avoidance memory is abolished if amygdalar lesions are made shortly after training, but not several days after training (Liang et al, 1982). In contrast to inhibitory avoidance results, the retention of conditioned fear (as measured by freezing) is completely abolished whether amygdalar lesions are made shortly or long after training (Maren et al, 1996a), which indicates that the amygdala is necessary for Pavlovian fear conditioning.…”

Section: Permanent Storage Site(s) Of Fear Memorymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The site of learning is not necessarily the site of memory storage. For example, fear retention is abolished if the amygdala is lesioned (electrolytically) or reversibly inactivated (via infusions of a local anesthetic agent lidocaine) shortly (1 day) but not long (21 days) after inhibitory avoidance training (Liang et al, 1982), suggesting that long-term fear memory is not stored in the amygdala. In contrast to inhibitory avoidance, amygdalar lesions made either shortly (1 day) or long (7 or 28 days) after training effectively abolish conditioned freezing response (Maren et al, 1996a).…”

Section: Brain Areas Other Than the Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: A critical review

Kim

Jung

2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

525

438

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Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning is recognized as a model system to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning and memory in the mammalian brain and to understand the root of fear-related disorders in humans. In recent decades, important progress has been made in delineating the essential neural circuitry and cellular-molecular mechanisms of fear conditioning. Converging lines of evidence indicate that the amygdala is necessarily involved in the acquisition, storage and expression of conditioned fear memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala is often proposed as the underlying synaptic mechanism of associative fear memory. Recent studies further implicate the prefrontal cortexamygdala interaction in the extinction (or inhibition) of conditioned fear. Despite these advances, there are unresolved issues and findings that challenge the validity and sufficiency of the current amygdalar LTP hypothesis of fear conditioning. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of evidence indicating that fear conditioning depend crucially upon the amygdalar circuit and plasticity. KeywordsFear conditioning; Amygdala; Prefrontal cortex; LTP; NMDA Fear is considered a defensive mechanism that evolved because of its evolutionary success in protecting animals from danger. While fear to certain kinds of stimuli is innately hardwired (e.g. a loud noise evoking fear in newborn infants, a cat inducing fear in naïve laboratory-reared rats), fear can also be acquired rapidly and lastingly to different stimuli allowing animals to respond adaptively to new or changing environmental situations. In the laboratory setting, Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning has become the par excellence task for studying the anatomical, cellular and molecular bases of fear memory formation in the brain.

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Section: Permanent Storage Site(s) Of Fear Memorymentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Brain Areas Other Than the Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: A critical review

Kim

Jung

2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

525

438

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“…Indeed, a number of lesion studies have implicated the entorhinal and parietal cortex in late memory phases of inhibitory avoidance learning Zanatta et al, 1997), whereas, for example, Pavlovian fear conditioning is spared after entorhinal cortex lesions (Phillips and LeDoux, 1995). Furthermore, although lesion studies have consistently implicated the amygdala in Pavlovian fear conditioning (LeDoux et al, 1990;Maren et al, 1996a;Maren, 1998), lesions of the amygdala appear to have less clear-cut effects on inhibitory avoidance learning, especially if given after training (Liang et al, 1982;Parent et al, 1995). Although this latter finding has been used as evidence in favor of the view that the amygdala is not the site of memory consolidation of conditioned fear, it is equally consistent with the notion that the amygdala plays a fundamentally different role in Pavlovian fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amygdala Modulates Memory Consolidation of Fear-Motivated Inhibitory Avoidance Learning But Not Classical Fear Conditioning

2000

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Although the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala are believed to be essential for the acquisition of Pavlovian fear conditioning, studies using post-training manipulations of the amygdala in the inhibitory avoidance learning paradigm have recently called this view into question. We used the GABA A agonist muscimol to functionally inactivate these nuclei immediately after single-trial Pavlovian fear conditioning or single-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. Immediate post-training infusions of muscimol had no effect on Pavlovian conditioning but produced a dose-dependent effect on inhibitory avoidance. However, pretraining infusions dose-dependently disrupted Pavlovian conditioning. These findings indicate that the amygdala plays an essential role in the acquisition of Pavlovian fear conditioning and contributes to the modulation of memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance but not of Pavlovian fear conditioning.

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“…For example, in Pavlovian fear conditioning, amygdala lesions impair fieezing to a stimulus, such as a tone or light, that was previously paired with shock (Helmstetter, 1992;LeDoux, Cicchetti, Xagorarïs, & Romanski, 1990;Phillips & LeDoux, 1992). Amygdala lesions also impair instrumental fear conditioning, where an animal is required to make or inhibit a response in order to avoid a shock (Bucherelli, Tassoni, & Bures, 1992;Dunn & Everitt, 1988;Liang et al, 1982;Parent, Quirarte, Cahill, & McGaugh, 1995;Werka, Skar, & Ursin, 1978;Werka & ZeilinsLy, 1998 (Bellgowan & HeImstetter, 1996). For example, when presented with innateiy aversive stimuli, such as predators or novel situations, amygdala-Iesioned rats avoid these stimuli less and freeze less than do control rats (Blanchard & Blanchard, 1972;Burns et al, 1996;Dunn & Everitt, 1988;Kemble, Blanchard, & Blanchard, 1990;Kesner, Berman, & Tardif, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdala lesions do not impair shock-probe avoidance retention performance.

Lehmann¹,

Treit²,

Parent³

2000

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The author has granted a non-L'auteur a accordé une The present experiment used the shock-probe paradigm, a procedure usually used to assess anxiolytic processes, to assess memory in amygdala-lesioned rats. Rats were placed in a chamber that contained a probe protmding from 1 of 4 walls and were kcpt in the chamber for 15 min after they contacted the probe. For half the rats, the probe was electrified (2 mA). Four days later, sham or neurotoxic arnygdala lesions were induced. Retention performance kvas assessed 8 days later by measuring the latency to contact the probe and the number of contact-induced shocks. The resuIts indicated that, although shock-naïve amygdala-lesioned rats were irnpaired on the second shock-probe test, shock-experienced amygdala-lesioned rats were not. These data indicate that the memory of a shock expenence, as indexed vvith a shock probe avoidance response, is spared in rats with large amygdala lesions.

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Post-training amygdaloid lesions impair retention of an inhibitory avoidance response

Cited by 157 publications

References 34 publications

Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: A critical review

Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: A critical review

The Amygdala Modulates Memory Consolidation of Fear-Motivated Inhibitory Avoidance Learning But Not Classical Fear Conditioning

Amygdala lesions do not impair shock-probe avoidance retention performance.

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