Post Stroke Depression

Abstract

Introduction:Comorbidity of depression and stroke significantly reduces the quality of life of patients after the stroke. Squeal after stroke also determines the quality of life and have impact on the occurrence of depression after the stroke. In our study we investigated the occurrence of depression in patients after different types and subtypes of stroke measured by the Hamilton scale compared to the level of disability measured by NIHSS scale.Goal:The goal was to make a comparative analysis of depression after stroke, according to gender and age, side of the lesion and the severity of neurological deficit.Material and Methods:Material for our work are 210 patients with stroke treated at the Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University in 2012, 105 male and 105 female. The mean age of the patients was 67.12±9.5 years. Ischemic stroke was present in 65% cases. There was no statistically significant difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among genders. In case of hemorrhagic M-56.7%, F-43.3%; ischemic M-48.3%, F-51.7% (chi-square=6.563, p=0.082). Depression was more prevalent among younger patients (52-60 years) with 39.2% then in the group of older patients (61-70 years) with 32% of depressed. In relation to gender there was significantly more patients with depression among women compared to men (63.8:27.2%, chi-square=14.38, p=0.00019). Depression was more frequent in patients with stroke in the left hemisphere medial localization (63%). NIHSS scale average was 16.07 with the minimum of 11 and maximum of 22, F=52.56, p=0.001.Conclusions:We can conclude that depression after stroke is more frequent in younger patients, female patients, patients with localized stroke in the medial left hemisphere and with higher disability score.

The post-stroke depression and its impact on functioning in young and adult stroke patients of a rehabilitation unit

“…A total of 66.6% of the stroke patients admitted in the rehabilitation unit had different degrees of depression, in contrast with the PSD frequency of 33-50% in the previous published studies (Alajbegovic et al, 2014;Brown et al, 2012). The high-PSD frequency could be explained by the study patients who were below 60-years-old, and most of them had an active professional status.…”

“…The systematic reviews showed that poststroke depression (PSD) may affect between 33% and 50% of stroke survivors (Alajbegovic et al, 2014;Brown et al, 2012), with prevalence peaking approximately 6 months after the vascular event (Dwyer Hollender, 2014;Saarni et al, 2007). When compared with non-depressed stroke patients, PSD is associated with worse long-term outcomes (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009;Prince et al, 2007).…”

A Review and Conceptual Model of Dopaminergic Contributions to Poststroke Depression

“…Regardless of the level of disability, those who survive may at times experience some short periods of grief and sadness during the recovery process. But about one third of patients experience symptoms of longer duration and greater severity, and are diagnosed with post stroke depression (PSD) (Alajbegovic, Djelilovic-Vranic, Nakicevic, Todorovic, & Tiric-Campara, 2014). These statistics make the risk of depression after stroke nearly double that of the general population (Ayerbe, Ayis, Rudd, Heuschmann, & Wolfe, 2011).…”

Cross Sectional Study of Depression in Patients following a Stroke: A Neurologists Perspective

“…[14] The other authors like Alajbegovic et al reported post-stroke depression to be more common in females. [15] Lastly the difference in the nature of depression is reported by Paradiso S who in his study found that in men major depression was associated with greater impairment in activities of daily living, and greater severity of depression was associated with greater impairment in daily activities and social functioning while in women, greater severity of depression was associated with prior diagnosis of psychiatric disorder and cognitive impairment. However in context of developing world the studies favor the incidence of depression to be more in male stroke survivors.…”