Post‐stroke cognitive deficits rarely come alone: Handling co‐morbidity in lesion‐behaviour mapping

Sperber, Christoph; Nolingberg, Chloé; Karnath, Hans‐Otto

doi:10.1002/hbm.24885

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, associations in neuropsychological data are ambiguous, which is why neuropsychology focussed on the dissociation method for such a long time. This is in line with a study that found that lesion mapping of components obtained from neuropsychological data can result in artefacts (Sperber, Nolingberg & Karnath, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The use of principal component and factor analysis to measure fundamental cognitive processes in neuropsychological data

Sperber

2021

Preprint

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For years, dissociation studies on neurological single cases were the dominant method to infer fundamental cognitive functions in neuropsychology. In contrast, the association between deficits was considered to be of less epistemological value and even misleading. Still, principal component analysis (PCA) – an associational method for dimensionality reduction – recently became popular for the identification of fundamental functions. The current study evaluated the ability of PCA to identify the fundamental variables underlying a battery of measures. Synthetic data were simulated to resemble typical neuropsychological data, including varying dissociation patterns. In most experiments, PCA succeeded to measure the underlying target variables with high up to almost perfect precision. However, this success relied on additional factor rotation. Unroated PCA struggled with the dependence of data and often failed. On the other hand, the performance of rotated factor solutions required single measures that anchored the rotation. When no test scores existed that primarily and precisely measured each underlying target variable, rotated solutions also failed their intended purpose. Further, the dimensionality of the simulated data was consistently underestimated. Commonly used strategies to estimate the number of meaningful factors appear to be inappropriate for neuropsychological data. Finally, simulations suggested a high potential of PCA to denoise data, with factor rotation providing an additional filter function. This can be invaluable in neuropsychology, where measures are often inherently noisy, and PCA can be superior to common compound measures - such as the arithmetic mean - in the measurement of variables with high reliability. In summary, PCA appears to be a powerful tool in neuropsychology that is well capable to infer fundamental cognitive functions with high precision, but the typical structure of neuropsychological data places clear limitations and a risk of a complete methodological failure on the method.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The use of principal component and factor analysis to measure fundamental cognitive processes in neuropsychological data

Sperber

2021

Preprint

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“… 26 Neither strategy yielded significant results that survived FDR correction. A possible reason for these null findings is that covariate control can mislead judgements about causal relations 37 , 38 and might control away the very effects we wanted to measure in the first place.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, this point reflects a general limitation of lesion-behaviour mapping, 24 which is not necessarily overcome by covariate control. 37 However, the complementary use of neuroscientific methods has the potential to alleviate this issue. 78 Third, the present sample was tested in the chronic post-stroke stage at least several months after stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the human praxis network: an investigation of white matter disconnection in limb apraxia of gesture production

Rosenzopf

Wiesen

Basilakos

et al. 2022

Brain Communications

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Left hemispheric cerebral stroke can cause apraxia, a motor-cognitive disorder characterised by deficits of higher-order motor skills such as the failure to accurately produce meaningful gestures. This disorder provides unique insights into the anatomical and cognitive architecture of the human praxis system. The present study aimed to map the structural brain network that is damaged in apraxia. We assessed the ability to perform meaningful gestures with the hand in 101 patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke. Structural white matter fibre damage was directly assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy mapping. We used multivariate topographical inference on tract-based fractional anisotropy topographies to identify white matter disconnection associated with apraxia. We found relevant pathological white matter alterations in a densely connected fronto-temporo-parietal network of short and long association fibres. Hence, the findings suggest that heterogeneous topographical results in previous lesion mapping studies might not only result from differences in study design, but also from the general methodological limitations of univariate topographical mapping in uncovering the structural praxis network. A striking role of middle and superior temporal lobe disconnection, including temporo-temporal short association fibres, was found, suggesting strong involvement of the temporal lobe in the praxis network. Further, the results stressed the importance of subcortical disconnections for the emergence of apractic symptoms. Our study provides a fine-grain view into the structural connectivity of the human praxis network and suggests a potential value of disconnection measures in the clinical prediction of behavioural post-stroke outcome.

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“…Therefore, it can be assumed that the analysis indeed significantly reflects the anatomy of apraxia. Notably, this point reflects a general limitation of lesion-behaviour mapping 27 , which is not necessarily overcome by covariate control 62 . However, the complementary use of neuroscientific methods has the potential to alleviate this issue 63 .…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the human praxis network: an investigation of white matter disconnection in apraxia

Rosenzopf

Wiesen

Basilakos

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Stroke to the left hemisphere of the brain can cause limb apraxia, a disorder characterised by deficits of higher order motor skills such as the failure to accurately produce meaningful gestures. This disorder provides unique insights into the anatomy of the human praxis system.The present study aimed to identify the structural brain network, that when damaged by stroke, causes limb apraxia. We assessed the ability to perform meaningful gestures with the hand in 101 patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke. Structural damage to white matter fibres was assessed by diffusion tensor imaging. A support vector regression model predicting apraxia based on individual topographies of tract-based fractional anisotropy was utilised to obtain multivariate topographical inference. We found pathological white matter alterations in a densely connected fronto-temporo-parietal network of short and long association fibres to predict limb apraxia deficits. Major disconnection affected temporo-parietal and temporotemporal connections. Grey matter areas with a high number of disconnections included inferior parietal lobe, middle and superior temporal gyrus, inferior and middle frontal lobe, precentral gyrus, putamen, and caudate nucleus. These results demonstrate the relevance of frontal and inferior parietal regions in praxis, but they also highlight the temporal lobe and its connections to be an important contributor to the human praxis network.

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Post‐stroke cognitive deficits rarely come alone: Handling co‐morbidity in lesion‐behaviour mapping

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

The use of principal component and factor analysis to measure fundamental cognitive processes in neuropsychological data

The use of principal component and factor analysis to measure fundamental cognitive processes in neuropsychological data

Mapping the human praxis network: an investigation of white matter disconnection in limb apraxia of gesture production

Mapping the human praxis network: an investigation of white matter disconnection in apraxia

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