“…1 In line with the above theoretical debates, the empirical results presented by previous studies are also diverse in their content and views. In fact, even studies recently published on the topic in both developed and developing economies 2 are more or less equally divided between two extremes: those presenting empirical findings supporting the alignment hypothesis (Ma et al, 2010;Cabeza-García and Gómez-Ansón, 2011;Galve-Górriz and Hernández-Trasobares, 2015; da Cunha and Bortolon, 2016) and those presenting findings to the contrary (Omran et al, 2008;Setia-Atmaja, 2009;Weiss and Hilger, 2012;Bednarek and Moszoro, 2014). Furthermore, although a certain amount of attention has been given to both the potential nonlinearity between ownership concentration and firm performance and the endogeneity between the degree of ownership concentration and firm performance, the conclusions reached by preceding empirical works are widely divergent (Hu and Izumida, 2008;Omran, 2009;Gul et al, 2010).…”