Post-neonatal Tetanus in Nigeria: The need for Booster doses of Tetanus Toxoid

Fatunde, OJ; Jb, Familusi

doi:10.4314/njp.v28i2.12053

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…There was male preponderance with male to female ratio of 3.2:1 in the index study. Similar reports were noted in earlier studies [14][15][16][17] and this has been attributed to the adventurous nature of the male gender with tendency to have injury that may be infected. These children also tend to hide their wounds from the parents because of the fear of being reprimanded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic survey and management outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus at the Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti

Ab¹,

Eo²,

Io³

et al. 2019

J Child Adult Vaccines Immunol

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Background: Tetanus continues to threaten the survival of children in spite of it being a vaccine preventable disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-neonatal tetanus, review the vaccination of affected children, complications encountered and the outcome among affected children in a tertiary health institution in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: The study was a retrospective study. Case notes of children outside neonatal life admitted to the Paediatric ward with clinical diagnosis of tetanus between January 2012 and October 2018 were retrieved and evaluated to identify socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. A review of the immunization history and cards was done where the immunization cards were available. Results: 21children with post-neonatal tetanus were admitted over a period of six years (November 2012 to October 2018) with a prevalence of 0.3%. The M:F was 3.2:1. The mean age in years was 10.14 ±3.44 while the age range of the subjects was 4 to 16years. None of the patients had booster doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) outside the infancy period. Nine (42.9%) subjects had no previous TT vaccination, 2 (9.5%) had 3 doses of TT vaccine in infancy but developed tetanus at age ≥9 years, 1(4.8%) subject had a dose of TT while the remaining 9subjects had no proof of previous TT vaccination. The percentage mortality was 19% (4 out of 21). All the patients that died had no prior record of TT vaccination. Complications identifi ed included laryngeal spasm and autonomic dysfunction. Conclusion: Post-neonatal tetanus is still common in our locality because booster doses of Tetanus Toxoid are not part of the national immunization schedule. Complete dose of tetanus toxoid vaccination during infancy and booster doses at school entry is necessary and should be part of school health programme to forestall post-neonatal tetanus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic survey and management outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus at the Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti

Ab¹,

Eo²,

Io³

et al. 2019

J Child Adult Vaccines Immunol

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“…Furthermore, there is urgent need to institutionalize the administration of booster doses of tetanus toxoid at primary and secondary school entry as recommended by several authors [9,10,12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetanus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries [3,9], and is a public health problem in Nigeria [9], with case fatality rates as high as 4.1% -39.1% [2][3][4][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Neonatal tetanus from broomstick injuries: a word of caution for caregivers

Ijezie

Megbelayin

2017

Int J Med Res Rev

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Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that is acquired through exposure to the spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani which are ubiquitous in the soil. Post-neonatal tetanus is an increasing problem in developing countries, including Nigeria. This is mainly as a result of inadequate immunization coverage, unsustainable immunization programmes, and non-administration of booster doses of tetanus toxoid at appropriate periods to eligible children. The spores of the bacterium can get into the body through broken skin, commonly through injuries from contaminated objects. There have also been reports of broomstick injury as the portal of entry. Indeed, it has been reported to be the commonest portal of entry in a center in Nigeria. This is important because flogging (of children) with brooms is common in parts of Nigeria, despite it being forbidden in several cultures in the country. Two cases of post-neonatal tetanus arising from broomstick injuries in Uyo, Nigeria, are herein reported, to illustrate the inherent dangers and implications of broomstick injuries in children. It is hoped that advocacy campaigns will be conducted at different public health fora to raise awareness of the general population concerning post-neonatal tetanus from broomstick injuries. Furthermore, there is urgent need to institutionalize the administration of booster doses of tetanus toxoid at primary and secondary school entry.

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“…Unlike neonatal tetanus whose incidence seems to be on a decline [6], evidenced by a reduction in the number of neonates admitted into our facility with the disease, post neonatal tetanus has been on an increase, with one new admission monthly in the last three months. Low immunization coverage and deficient booster doses of tetanus toxoid at appropriate period to eligible children are some of the reasons contributing to the high burden of the disease in Nigeria [3] [12] [13]. However, there are some other factors that affect our health [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Socio-Economic Challenges in Post Neonatal Tetanus

Eberechukwu¹,

Angela²

2015

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Background: Tetanus has remained a major public health problem worldwide although it is a vaccine preventable disease. It is a major contributor to under-five morbidity and mortality globally. Its effect is worse in developing countries such as Nigeria. Aims and Objectives: To highlight the socioeconomic challenges in the management of Post neonatal tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Study Design: A Retrospective Descriptive study. Place of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Methods: Report of the socioeconomic challenges in the management of three consecutive cases of Post neonatal tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from February to April 2015 was studied. Data on socioeconomic variables were retrieved from case notes of the patients. Results: These were three patients, two females and a male. Their ages were 11 years old of the two females and 14 years old of the male. None was immunized with tetanus toxoid in infancy. All three children survived. They were all from low socioeconomic class, two mothers were petty traders while one was unemployed, only one mother had complete secondary education. One mother was immunized in pregnancy, while one mother was married. Conclusions: The socioeconomic challenges of tetanus are immense, but could be prevented by simple measures such as education of the girl child, immunization of all school children, raising community awareness among other measures, and strengthening the school health program.

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Post-neonatal Tetanus in Nigeria: The need for Booster doses of Tetanus Toxoid

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Demographic survey and management outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus at the Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti

Demographic survey and management outcome of Post-Neonatal Tetanus at the Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti

Post-Neonatal tetanus from broomstick injuries: a word of caution for caregivers

The Socio-Economic Challenges in Post Neonatal Tetanus

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