Post-natal development of the envelope following response to amplitude modulated sounds in the bat Phyllostomus discolor

Hörpel, Stephen Gareth; Firzlaff, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2020.107904

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For responses to 20‐kHz tone pips, the following temporal windows were applied: 0.5–2.1 ms (wave i), 2.1–3.1 ms (waves ii/iii) and 3.2–4.3 ms. These latencies of the fast waves i–iv are similar to those of previous ABR studies in other bat species ( Eptesicus fuscus : Burkard & Moss, 1994; Phyllostomus discolor : Hörpel & Firzlaff, 2020; Linnenschmidt & Wiegrebe, 2018).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses of bats

Wetekam

Hechavarría

López‐Jury

et al. 2022

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Identifying unexpected acoustic inputs, which allows to react appropriately to new situations, is of major importance for animals. Neural deviance detection describes a change of neural response strength to a stimulus solely caused by the stimulus' probability of occurrence. In the present study, we searched for correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses obtained in anaesthetised bats (Carollia perspicillata). In an oddball paradigm, we used two pure tone stimuli that represented the main frequencies used by the animal during echolocation (60 kHz) and communication (20 kHz). For both stimuli, we could demonstrate significant differences of response strength between deviant and standard response in slow and fast components of the auditory brainstem response. The data suggest the presence of correlates of deviance detection in brain stations below the inferior colliculus (IC), at the level of the cochlea nucleus and lateral lemniscus. Additionally, our results suggest that deviance detection is mainly driven by repetition suppression in the echolocation frequency band, while in the communication band, a deviant‐related enhancement of the response plays a more important role. This finding suggests a contextual dependence of the mechanisms underlying subcortical deviance detection. The present study demonstrates the value of auditory brainstem responses for studying deviance detection and suggests that auditory specialists, such as bats, use different frequency‐specific strategies to ensure an appropriate sensation of unexpected sounds.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…P . discolor : Hörpel & Firzlaff, 2020; Linnenschmidt & Wiegrebe, 2018; E . fuscus : Burkard & Moss, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses of bats

Wetekam

Hechavarría

López‐Jury

et al. 2022

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Generally, frequency and amplitude modulations seem to be a prevalent feature of bat communication calls used in both agonistic and antagonistic social context as well as in distress context 15 , 47 – 49 . Auditory brainstem neurons in P. discolor respond to amplitude-modulated stimuli already at an early age 50 , further emphasizing the importance of these sounds for social interaction in bats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Communication breakdown: Limits of spectro-temporal resolution for the perception of bat communication calls

Hörpel

Baier

Peremans

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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During vocal communication, the spectro-temporal structure of vocalizations conveys important contextual information. Bats excel in the use of sounds for echolocation by meticulous encoding of signals in the temporal domain. We therefore hypothesized that for social communication as well, bats would excel at detecting minute distortions in the spectro-temporal structure of calls. To test this hypothesis, we systematically introduced spectro-temporal distortion to communication calls of Phyllostomus discolor bats. We broke down each call into windows of the same length and randomized the phase spectrum inside each window. The overall degree of spectro-temporal distortion in communication calls increased with window length. Modelling the bat auditory periphery revealed that cochlear mechanisms allow discrimination of fast spectro-temporal envelopes. We evaluated model predictions with experimental psychophysical and neurophysiological data. We first assessed bats’ performance in discriminating original versions of calls from increasingly distorted versions of the same calls. We further examined cortical responses to determine additional specializations for call discrimination at the cortical level. Psychophysical and cortical responses concurred with model predictions, revealing discrimination thresholds in the range of 8–15 ms randomization-window length. Our data suggest that specialized cortical areas are not necessary to impart psychophysical resilience to temporal distortion in communication calls.

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“…Since electrophysiology is routinely employed in bats, we refer to the primary papers rather than presenting such data herein (e.g., Refs. 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ). Instead, we focus here on our recent neuroimaging, tracing, and genetic mapping approaches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have led to a much greater understanding of the regions of the brain and neural circuitry involved in auditory perception, process-color, including electrophysiology, neuroimaging, connectivity tracing, and histology. Since electrophysiology is routinely employed in bats, we refer to the primary papers rather than presenting such data herein (e.g., Refs [54][55][56][57][58]…”

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confidence: 99%

The pale spear‐nosed bat: A neuromolecular and transgenic model for vocal learning

Vernes

Devanna

Hörpel

et al. 2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Vocal learning, the ability to produce modified vocalizations via learning from acoustic signals, is a key trait in the evolution of speech. While extensively studied in songbirds, mammalian models for vocal learning are rare. Bats present a promising study system given their gregarious natures, small size, and the ability of some species to be maintained in captive colonies. We utilize the pale spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor) and report advances in establishing this species as a tractable model for understanding vocal learning. We have taken an interdisciplinary approach, aiming to provide an integrated understanding across genomics (Part I), neurobiology (Part II), and transgenics (Part III). In Part I, we generated new, high-quality genome annotations of coding genes and noncoding microRNAs to facilitate functional and evolutionary studies. In Part II, we traced connections between auditory-related brain regions and reported neuroimaging to explore the structure of the brain and gene expression patterns to highlight brain regions. In Part III, we created the first successful transgenic bats by manipulating the expression of FoxP2, a speech-related gene. These interdisciplinary approaches are facilitating a mechanistic and evolutionary understanding of mammalian vocal learning and can also contribute to other areas of investigation that utilize P. discolor or bats as study species.

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Post-natal development of the envelope following response to amplitude modulated sounds in the bat Phyllostomus discolor

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses of bats

Correlates of deviance detection in auditory brainstem responses of bats

Communication breakdown: Limits of spectro-temporal resolution for the perception of bat communication calls

The pale spear‐nosed bat: A neuromolecular and transgenic model for vocal learning

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