Post-Mortem Examination in the Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Goats

Fodstad, Finn H.; Gunnarsson, Eggert

doi:10.1186/bf03546608

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cachexia is a rather nonspecific clinical sign, but it has been described as a frequent finding in paratuberculosis of small ruminants. 6,13,20,24 Thus, most infected goats were in the clinically inapparent phase of paratuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Development of Lesions 3, 6, 9, and 12 Months After Experimental Infection of Goat Kids WithMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis

2014

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The development of lesions after infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) was examined in an experimental infection model. Goat kids were orally inoculated 10 times with 10 mg bacterial wet mass of MAP (total dose 2.6 × 10(8) colony-forming units). Six to 7 inoculated goats and 3 controls were autopsied 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postinoculation (mpi), lesions were documented, and samples were collected for histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and bacterial culture. Twenty-five of the 26 inoculated goats did not develop clinical signs. Macroscopic lesions were detected in 3 of the 7 inoculated goats as soon as 3 mpi. Jejunal Peyer's patches (JPPs) were thickened and had ulcerated surfaces and circumscribed serositis. Characteristic granulomatous infiltrates were seen in all goats in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs), especially JPPs and lymphoid tissue at the ileocecal valve and in intestinal lymph nodes. Granulomatous intestinal infiltrates not associated with GALT were seen beginning at 6 mpi and with increasing frequency thereafter. Interindividual differences in lesions were most pronounced at 12 mpi, varying from mild focal paucibacillary to severe diffuse multibacillary patterns. Bacterial culture of MAP confirmed the IHC findings but was more sensitive and revealed widespread dissemination at 3 and 12 mpi. Granulomatous arteritis was found in intestinal submucosa of several goats. This may contribute to the spreading of MAP to the intestinal wall and possibly systemically. The different lesions observed during the clinically inapparent period of paratuberculosis are most likely indicators for the later progression of infection and development of clinical disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Development of Lesions 3, 6, 9, and 12 Months After Experimental Infection of Goat Kids WithMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis

2014

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“…3 Microbiological examination of tissues has been claimed to provide the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. 6,8 However, with appro-priate and extensive tissue sampling, histopathologic examination may detect a greater number of infected animals than microbiological examination. 7 Nevertheless, the culture of the organism is the definitive method for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimentally infected goats were euthanatized 3, 5, 9, 11, 17, 24, 37, and 49 weeks PI, at the ages of 1½, 2, 2½, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively (subsequently referred to as goat Nos. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The control animals were euthanatized when 1½, 2½, 6 and 12 months old, respectively (subsequently referred to as goat Nos.…”

Section: Animals and Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4,5 Most infected animals are able to eliminate the infection, but if an infection becomes established, there is initially a subclinical stage, followed by the clinical stage. 1,4,5,8,19 Paratuberculosis has not been as extensively studied in goats as in cattle and sheep, but the disease appears to be similar in these species. Studies have reported that focal infiltrates of neutrophilic leukocytes are present in the submucosa of the intestine a few days after experimental infection, and macrophages and multinucleated giant cells appear soon after.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4,13,19 The complement fixation test has been successfully employed in mapping the disease in goat herds in Norway. 8 The definitive diagnosis of paratuberculosis is based on the cultivation of M. a. paratuberculosis and/ or identification of specific gene segments, since histopathology cannot differentiate the mycobacterial infections. 4,6 The postmortem diagnosis of the infection in its early stages has presented additional challenges, as mac-roscopic lesions are usually absent and the multifocal distribution of small granulomas makes the histopathologic identification of lesions difficult and exhaustive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Isolation, Immunological Response, and Histopathological Lesions during the Early Subclinical Phase of Experimental Infection of Goat Kids with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

O¹,

Saxegaard

et al. 1999

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is difficult, especially in the early stages of disease. This is due to the long incubation period, the variable lag phase associated with bacterial proliferation, and the multifocal distribution of slowly developing lesions. There are few previous studies of the early stages of experimental paratuberculosis in goats. In the present study, the ability of conventional diagnostic methods to detect M. a. paratuberculosis infection during the early stages of infection was assessed. Eight goat kids were experimentally infected with M. a. paratuberculosis and subjected to a series of immunological and bacteriological tests before being euthanatized at various times postinfection. At postmortem examination, the ages of the kids ranged from 1½ to 12 months. Of the eight goats infected, three had histopathological evidence of paratuberculosis. Two of these goats were positive with bacteriology, but only one was also positive with all immunological tests. One animal had a positive immunological response, but infection could not be demonstrated by bacteriologic or histopathologic examination. Histopathologic lesions were found in the jejunum, in the ileum, and in one mesenteric lymph node, but only the mesenteric lymph nodes and one retropharyngeal lymph node gave positive results following bacteriologic culture. The disparity between the localization of histopathologic lesions and bacteriologic results emphasizes the need for exhaustive sampling to confirm a diagnosis during the early phase of an infection. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of the biology of M. a. paratuberculosis and its interaction with the immune system of the host.

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Digestive System

Diplomate

Sherman

2009

Goat Medicine

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Post-Mortem Examination in the Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Goats

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Sequential Development of Lesions 3, 6, 9, and 12 Months After Experimental Infection of Goat Kids WithMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis

Sequential Development of Lesions 3, 6, 9, and 12 Months After Experimental Infection of Goat Kids WithMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis

Bacterial Isolation, Immunological Response, and Histopathological Lesions during the Early Subclinical Phase of Experimental Infection of Goat Kids with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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