Post-menopausal bleeding: A study of more than 1000 cases

Schindler, A. E.; Schmidt, G.

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(80)90028-6

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A total of 41 studies were eligible for inclusion [1,2,3,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. Figure 1 shows the flowchart of our search results with inclusion and exclusion of articles.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signs and symptoms associated with uterine cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women

Boeckstaens

Dewalheyns

Heremans

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Uterine cancer is the most and second most common gynecological malignancy in developed and developing countries, respectively. The majority of endometrial cancers are diagnosed early due to the presence of abnormal uterine bleeding. The existing literature however contains only little data regarding the prevalence of such symptoms compared to patients with no or benign pathology. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted in order to determine the significance of various clinical signs and symptoms predicting uterine cancer. Embase, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched from inception until 18 June 2019. Studies eligible for selection inclusion assessed the diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms in pre- and postmenopausal women aged 18–99 years old with uterine malignancy. Case reports, case series and studies of which full text was not available, were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool by two independent reviewers. Results were visualized by forest plots using RevMan(5.3). Forty-one studies were eventually included in this systematic review. Abnormal uterine bleeding occurring in pre-, post- and perimenopausal women was proven to be the most widely investigated symptom in relation to cancer of the uterus. Thirty-two articles examined patients with postmenopausal bleeding of which sensitivity and specificity varied between 0.28 to 0.86 and 0.63 to 0.84, respectively. Abnormal bleeding in pre- and perimenopausal women on the other hand showed a sensitivity ranging from 0.63 to 0.81. Its specificity could not be calculated due to missing data. Other symptoms appeared not sufficiently examined to assess their diagnostic accuracy range. This review highlights the current lack of knowledge regarding the diagnostic accuracy of several signs and symptoms for uterine cancer. After a thorough in-depth review of the literature, meta-analysis could not be performed due to the absence of control populations in the majority of articles. Further research is needed to establish the rule-in or rule-out value of specific clinical signs to identify patients at risk for uterine malignancy prompting further clinical assessment.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed characteristics of all included studies are presented in Tables 1 and 2 [1,2,3,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. These studies were performed in several continents including America, Europe, Asia and Australia.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signs and symptoms associated with uterine cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women

Boeckstaens

Dewalheyns

Heremans

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…17 The percentage of patients with atrophy varies greatly among studies, probably reflecting different patient populations as well as variations in indication for biopsy and criteria for diagnosis of atrophy among different pathologists. [18][19][20][21][22][23] In many laboratories, atrophy is found in up to 50% of biopsy specimens taken for postmenopausal bleeding, and in one study 82% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding were attributable to atrophy. 20 Besides being common in postmenopausal patients, atrophic endometrium can occur in reproductive-age patients with premature ovarian failure, either idiopathic or due to radiation or chemotherapy for malignancies.…”

Section: Atrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

Mazur

Kurman

2005

Diagnosis of Endometrial Biopsies and Curettings

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“…[ 3 ] EC risk varies from 3% to 25% in women with PMB. [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] The initial steps to facilitate a diagnosis are noninvasive methods which include a complete gynecological, speculum examination and a transvaginal ultrasound. [ 10 ] Diagnostic workup strategies are inconsistent in different countries and vary widely in different clinic/hospital settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mini-review of office hysteroscopic techniques for endometrial tissue sampling in postmenopausal bleeding

Haimovich

Tanvir

2021

J Mid-life Health

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Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a common cause for a gynecological visit. Endometrial cancer risk varies from 3% to 25% in women with PMB. There is a significant concern of malignancy of the endometrium and the endocervical canal by a physician in postmenopausal women, and hence, most prefer operating room hysteroscopies with dilation and curettage (D & C) compared to in-office procedures. With increased availablility of miniaturized instruments such as mini- resectoscope and tissue removal systems, there is high likelihood of blind D & C being replaced by hysteroscopic- guided targetted biopsy or visual D & C. The cost-effectiveness of office hysteroscopy is also well demonstrated. In December 2020, an electronic search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library to look for articles on office hysteroscopic biopsy techniques in postmenopausal women from 2010 to 2020. Relevant studies were included where various office hysteroscopic techniques are used for endometrial sampling in PMB. Studies with 5 Fr scissors, biopsy forceps, crocodile forceps, cup forceps, bipolar electrode, in-office tissue removal system (morcellator), flexible hysteroscope, and mini-resectoscope were included. Standard reference was used as an adequate endometrial sample for histology. The objective of this review is to explore the current evidence on different office hysteroscopic techniques available for endometrial tissue sampling in PMB. Research Question: What are the different available in - office hysteroscopy techniques for obtaining endometrial biopsy? Clinical Importance: Understanding the adequacy of an endometrial tissue sample obtained by different in - office hysteroscopy techniques and their accuracy by histology.

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Post-menopausal bleeding: A study of more than 1000 cases

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Signs and symptoms associated with uterine cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women

Signs and symptoms associated with uterine cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

A mini-review of office hysteroscopic techniques for endometrial tissue sampling in postmenopausal bleeding

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