Post‐incarceration Recidivism of Lone versus Group Juvenile Homicide Offenders

Khachatryan, Norair; Heide, Kathleen M.; Rad, B A Jordyn; Hummel, Erich V.

doi:10.1002/bsl.2257

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Group JHOs were more likely to be released from prison and to be rearrested than solo JHOs. The two groups did not differ significantly in the number of post‐release offenses (Khachatryan, Heide, Rad, & Hummel, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Heide

2019

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Murders committed by juveniles have been a major concern in the USA for more than 40 years. Due to decisions in the 21st century by the United States Supreme Court, the likelihood of juvenile homicide offenders being sentenced to life without parole (LWOP) is less than in past decades. In addition, hundreds of individuals in prison who were sentenced to LWOP under mandatory sentencing statutes or their equivalent as juveniles for murder are now eligible for resentencing and may be released. Given these changes in sentencing policies and practices, follow‐up research on juveniles involved in murder is needed. This study is a 35‐year follow‐up study of 59 boys who were convicted of murder and sentenced to adult prisons in a southeastern state, and initially interviewed in the early 1980s. Twenty‐two of these men agreed to participate in clinical interviews about their experiences in prison and upon return to the community if released. The experiences in prison are highlighted for all men. Thereafter, attention focuses on the 19 juvenile homicide offenders who have been released. Of these 19 men, 11 were classified as failures given that they were sent back to prison at least once. Length of time served and completion of GED were the best predictors of post‐release success. Clinical observations, implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Heide

2019

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Compared to lone JHOs, group JHOs were more likely to be released from prison and to be rearrested. No significant differences were found, however, between the two groups with respect to the number of post-release offenses [59].…”

Section: Studies Of Jhos Incarcerated In Adult Prisonsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Six of these studies examined JHOs confined in juvenile facilities [49][50][51][52][53][54]. The remaining six of these focused on JHOs committed to adult prisons [21,[55][56][57][58][59]].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Juvenile Homicide Offenders Look Back 35 Years Later: Reasons They Were Involved in Murder

Heide

2020

IJERPH

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Murders committed by juveniles have been a serious concern in the United States for more than 50 years. Decisions by the United States Supreme Court during the 21st century have reduced the likelihood that juvenile homicide offenders will be sentenced to life without parole (LWOP). As a result of these decisions, hundreds of prisoners who were sentenced as juveniles for murder to LWOP under mandatory sentencing statutes or its equivalent are now eligible for the reconsideration of their sentences. In light of these changes in sentencing policies and practices, follow-up research on juveniles convicted of murder is essential. This research is part of a 35-year follow-up study of 59 boys who were convicted of murder and sentenced to adult prisons in a southeastern state, and initially interviewed in the early 1980s. Twenty of these men agreed to participate in clinical interviews during which they reflected upon the reasons (i.e., motives, circumstances) for which they got involved in criminal behavior as juveniles. These reasons, which broadly tap tenets of psychological and sociological theories, were analyzed in terms of predominance. Thereafter, the attention focuses on looking at the relationship of these 20 reasons to recidivism among the 18 juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) who have been released from prison. JHOs who lived in neighborhoods where crime was routine and who engaged in crime because the opportunity presented itself were approximately 20 and 22.50 times more likely to be arrested post release and returned to prison, respectfully. The implications of these findings, the limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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“…For instance, in Khachatryan et al . 's () longitudinal study of group homicide, recidivism was not distinguishable from youth who had been convicted of homicide as sole offenders. Likewise, Ching et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating treatment outcomes for young people participating in a high‐intensity therapeutic violence intervention in the English Youth Custody Service

Derbyshire¹,

Tarrant²,

Fitter³

et al. 2018

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose A specialized unit for long‐term sentenced male young people sought to provide additional support to those convicted of the gravest violent offences, who had the highest risk of further offending. One key element was the introduction of a violence reduction intervention, Life Minus Violence‐Enhanced (LMV‐E). The present study evaluated LMV‐E. Methods Participants (N = 21, starting age = 16–17 years) were convicted of a violent offence and had a history of custodial and or community violence. Pre‐ and post‐intervention comparisons were of risk for future violence as measured by the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY; Borum et al., , Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.) and treatment‐related change on self‐report questionnaires. Sanctions for further aggression in custody or following release were recorded at 12 and 24 months post‐intervention. Results SAVRY identified statistically significant reductions in individual–clinical and social–contextual scales, with large effect sizes. Statistically significant changes, with moderate effect sizes, were noted in self‐report questionnaires. Reductions were in rumination, physical and verbal aggression, and anger. Improvements were in emotional awareness, emotion regulation, and impulsivity. Follow‐up showed favourable rates of aggression within the community and custody. Conclusions Risk reduction findings are important, pointing towards a generalized reduction in aggression risk following this intervention. Significantly, participants also demonstrated improvement in empathy, a direct treatment target. Treatment‐related change was multidomain, across several areas addressed by the intervention. This study therefore found good evidence for the utility of LMV‐E in addressing risk of aggression for young people.

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Post‐incarceration Recidivism of Lone versus Group Juvenile Homicide Offenders

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Juvenile Homicide Offenders Look Back 35 Years Later: Reasons They Were Involved in Murder

Evaluating treatment outcomes for young people participating in a high‐intensity therapeutic violence intervention in the English Youth Custody Service

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