Post-incarceration outcomes for individuals who continued methadone treatment while in Connecticut jails, 2014–2018

Haas, Alissa; Viera, Adam; Doernberg, Molly; Barbour, Russell; Tong, Guangyu; Grau, Lauretta E.; Heimer, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108937

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There were no significant differences between groups in treatment engagement, opioid use, likelihood of arrest, or crime severity at 12-months or 24-months post-release. Haas et al, ( 2021 ) 1564 New Haven and Bridgeport, CT Jail 5 days – 63 months ( M = 16 months) b Methadone vs. forced taper/withdrawal Continuation of methadone throughout incarceration was associated with a significant decrease in non-fatal overdoses and a greater likelihood of resuming methadone treatment in the community post-release. Those who resumed methadone in the community had lower odds of overdose death compared to those who did not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magura et al ( 1993 ) found that participants in a jail methadone treatment program entered and remained in community-based treatment at higher rates than non-participants. Haas et al ( 2021 ) found that participants who received methadone treatment while incarcerated had higher rates of continuing methadone treatment in the community, and McKenzie et al ( 2012 ) found that participants who started methadone treatment prior to release were significantly more likely to enter community-based treatment post-release. Moore et al ( 2018 ) found that participants who continued methadone treatment while incarcerated were more likely to engage with community-based methadone treatment provider upon release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brinkley-Rubinstein et al ( 2018 ) found that participants who received methadone treatment while incarcerated were significantly less likely to experience a non-fatal overdose during the 12-month follow-up period. A retrospective case-control study with a large sample found that continuation of methadone during incarceration was associated with significantly lower rates of non-fatal overdoses post-release when compared to a control group who endured forced taper and withdrawal upon incarceration (Haas et al, 2021 ). Kinlock et al ( 2009 ) observed that four opioid-related overdose deaths occurred during the 12-month post-release follow-up period among participants enrolled in counseling-only as compared to zero overdose deaths among those enrolled in methadone during incarceration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, McKenzie et al ( 2012 ) did not find any statistically significant differences in arrest history or re-incarceration between methadone treatment and control groups. Haas et al ( 2021 ) found that continuing methadone treatment while in jail had no apparent effect on the rate of recidivism compared to those who were forced to taper and withdraw. Another study found no significant differences between groups in self-reported criminal behavior or number of reported arrests at 12- and 24-months post-release (Schwartz et al, 2020 ; Schwartz et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medications for opioid use disorder during incarceration and post-release outcomes

Cates

Brown

2023

Health Justice

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Background Continuation or initiation of MOUDs during incarceration could improve post-release outcomes by preventing return to opioid use and reducing risk of overdose. People with OUD involved in the criminal legal system are a vulnerable population, yet little research has comprehensively examined post-release outcomes associated with receiving MOUDs in jail and prison settings. Methods The authors conducted a review of published peer-reviewed literature on post-release outcomes associated with the use of MOUDs in correctional settings to determine implications for further research and policy. Results Results showed compelling evidence supporting the use of MOUDs for currently incarcerated populations, with almost all studies showing that MOUDs provided during incarceration increased community-based treatment engagement post-release. There is also evidence that initiating or continuing MOUDs during incarceration is associated with decreased opioid use and overdoses post-release, without increasing criminal involvement. Conclusions Findings indicate that forcing tapering and withdrawal during incarceration can have dire consequences upon release into the community. Initiating or continuing MOUDs during incarceration reduces the risk for opioid use and overdose upon release by maintaining opioid tolerance and increasing community treatment engagement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medications for opioid use disorder during incarceration and post-release outcomes

Cates

Brown

2023

Health Justice

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“…A growing body of research demonstrates the effectiveness of treatment with MOUD for justice-involved populations (Moore et al, 2019 ) as it relates to reducing the risks of recidivism (Evans et al, 2019 ) and opioid-related relapse, overdose, and mortality (Evans et al, 2022 ; Lee et al, 2016 ). In addition, treatment with MOUD while detained or incarcerated is associated with greater likelihood of continued treatment following discharge (Hass et al, 2021 ; McKenzie et al, 2012 ; Sharma et al, 2016 ). Yet jails face numerous barriers to providing services to address OUD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of best practices for opioid use disorder in jails and related training and resource needs: findings from a national interview study of jails in heavily impacted counties in the U.S.

et al. 2022

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Background Jails are optimal settings in which to screen individuals for opioid use disorders (OUD) and provide needed services, especially medications for OUD (MOUD). This study sought to assess the availability of OUD “best practices” in jails located in counties heavily impacted by opioid overdose in the U.S. and their related training and resource needs. Counties were selected for study inclusion using two indicators of OUD severity: the absolute number and population rate of opioid overdose deaths. Structured interviews were completed with representatives from 185/244 (76%) of targeted counties and 185/250 (74%) of targeted jails in these counties. Ten OUD best practices were identified based on current treatment and practice guidelines. These include: screening for OUD; clinical assessment; medically managed withdrawal; MOUD administration; MOUD for pregnant people; counseling and wrap-around services; collaboration with community providers; assistance with Medicaid/insurance; re-entry services; and overdose prevention. Descriptive analyses examined the provision of any services and average percentage of services endorsed within best-practice categories, association of best-practice availability with community and jail characteristics, and related needs for training and resources. Results Over 70% of jail respondents indicated that some aspects of each of the ten OUD best practices were available within their jails, ranging from 71% using clinical assessment to 96% providing overdose prevention. However, there was considerable variability in the average percentage of items endorsed within each best-practice category, ranging from 38% of items regarding re-entry services to 88% of items regarding medically managed withdrawal. Availability of OUD best practices in jails also varied by community and jail characteristics. Jails reported the highest needs for funding for medication and clinical staff. Conclusions Policies are needed to address the identified gaps in availability of OUD best practices within jails. Training, technical assistance, and funding are needed to improve clinical capacity of jails to administer MOUD and to ensure continuity of care from jail to community, which are essential to reducing the risk of opioid-related overdose following release.

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Opioid‐specific medication‐assisted therapy and its impact on criminal justice and overdose outcomes

Strange

Manchak

Petrich

et al. 2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background: The overlap between justice system involvement and drug use is welldocumented. Justice-involved people who misuse opioids are at high risk for relapse and criminal recidivism. Criminal justice policymakers consider opioid-specific medication-assisted therapies (MATs) one approach for improving outcomes for this population. More research is needed that explores the impacts of opioid-specific MATs for justice-involved people.Objectives: This study sought to assess the effects of opioid-specific MAT for reducing the frequency and likelihood of criminal justice and overdose outcomes for current or formerly justice-involved individuals.

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Post-incarceration outcomes for individuals who continued methadone treatment while in Connecticut jails, 2014–2018

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Medications for opioid use disorder during incarceration and post-release outcomes

Medications for opioid use disorder during incarceration and post-release outcomes

Availability of best practices for opioid use disorder in jails and related training and resource needs: findings from a national interview study of jails in heavily impacted counties in the U.S.

Opioid‐specific medication‐assisted therapy and its impact on criminal justice and overdose outcomes

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