Post-Hypnotically Stimulated Sleep-Talking

Arkin, Arthur M.; Hastey, John M.; Reiser, Morton F.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196604000-00001

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Now viewing a film of past experiences in gallery for small admission charge (Arkin et al, 1966, p. 305) correlated with the dream report:…”

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Foulkes (1999, p. 10) notes that other sleep behavior such as sleep walking rarely corresponds to dream reports and “there is a somewhat better, but still imperfect, relation between sleep speech and dream speech.” Arkin et al (1966,1970a,b), argue that they demonstrate significant overlap between dream reports and sleep talk that occurred during REM sleep, however, this is not clearly the case. Arkin et al (1966) examined the dream reports and sleep talk of a habitual sleep talker (S) to find correlations between the two.…”

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arkin et al (1966) examined the dream reports and sleep talk of a habitual sleep talker (S) to find correlations between the two. They found that higher rates of sleep talk could be invoked by hypnotizing S before he fell asleep.…”

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uh-[pause]-there’s a theatre that you pay admission charge and they run films of your life-that’s all I remember except that I was in one of those theatres a minute ago (Arkin et al, 1966, p. 305).…”

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding whether dream reporters are convinced by their reports, I think dreamers are often unsure and admit to having poor memory. In a dream report from Arkin et al’s (1966, p. 205) research that I discuss in more detail in Section “Confabulation and Memory Loss,” the dreamer reports “Uh-uhm-uh-gee I- something about- yeah- a hat[…]” which indicates that the dreamer admits his memory of the dream is poor, but is trying to work out the details of the memory. So I refer to narrative “fabrication” instead of “confabulation” so as not to exclude other elements that can cause inaccuracy, although confabulation is certainly one of these elements.…”

Section: Narrative Fabrication In Dream Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What I make up when I wake up: anti-experience views and narrative fabrication of dreams

Rosen

2013

Front. Psychol.

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I propose a narrative fabrication thesis of dream reports, according to which dream reports are often not accurate representations of experiences that occur during sleep. I begin with an overview of anti-experience theses of Norman Malcolm and Daniel Dennett who reject the received view of dreams, that dreams are experiences we have during sleep which are reported upon waking. Although rejection of the first claim of the received view, that dreams are experiences that occur during sleep, is implausible, I evaluate in more detail the second assumption of the received view, that dream reports are generally accurate. I then propose a “narrative fabrication” view of dreams as an alternative to the received view. Dream reports are often confabulated or fabricated because of poor memory, bizarre dream content, and cognitive deficits. It is well documented that narratives can be altered between initial rapid eye movement sleep awakenings and subsequent reports. I argue that we have reason to suspect that initial reports are prone to inaccuracy. Experiments demonstrate that subjects rationalize strange elements in narratives, leaving out supernatural or bizarre components when reporting waking memories of stories. Inaccuracies in dream reports are exacerbated by rapid memory loss and bizarre dream content. Waking memory is a process of reconstruction and blending of elements, but unlike waking memory, we cannot reality-test for dream memories. Dream experiences involve imaginative elements, and dream content cannot be verified with external evidence. Some dreams may involve wake-like higher cognitive functions, such as lucid dreams. Such dreams are more likely to elicit accurate reports than cognitively deficient dreams. However, dream reports are generally less accurate than waking reports. I then propose methods which could verify the narrative fabrication view, and argue that although the theory cannot be tested with current methods, new techniques and technologies may be able to do so in the future.

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“…Now viewing a film of past experiences in gallery for small admission charge (Arkin et al, 1966, p. 305) correlated with the dream report:…”

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Room For Skepticism: What the Received View Does Not Explainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Narrative Fabrication In Dream Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

What I make up when I wake up: anti-experience views and narrative fabrication of dreams

Rosen

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Electroencephalography

Proler¹,

Frost²,

Maulsby³

et al. 1967

Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry

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Sleep-assisted instruction.

Aarons¹

1976

Psychological Bulletin

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The question of learning from materials presented during sleep has been answered positively by Soviet studies and negatively by Western studies. However, procedural differences among studies have been confounded with the absence of an established criterion for sleep. The present paper reviews 11 studies in sleep learning for the potential practical value of sleep-assisted instruction (SAI). A strategy of optimizing compatibility between learning and sleep variables to support SAI is proposed within the context of both wake and sleep research on attention, perception, and memory. Age, sex, health, wake learning capacity, and suggestibility are important moderating variables in SAI. The individual's motivation and set, meaningful-relevant learning material, activation of low-voltage EEG sleep patterns and coordinated wake learning with extended training are tentatively deduced as necessary conditions in applied SAI. (111/2 p ref)

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Post-Hypnotically Stimulated Sleep-Talking

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

What I make up when I wake up: anti-experience views and narrative fabrication of dreams

What I make up when I wake up: anti-experience views and narrative fabrication of dreams

Electroencephalography

Sleep-assisted instruction.

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