Post-hoc comparisons among iron electrode formulations based on bismuth, bismuth sulphide, iron sulphide, and potassium sulphide under strong alkaline conditions

Posada, Jorge; Hall, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.126

Cited by 56 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Table 3 reveals large variability across electrode formulations. Similar behaviour has been noted in our previous investigations [26,28,40], it is our belief this problem could be ascribed to inconsistencies (such as mixing or homogenizing mixtures of metallic powders) during the electrode manufacturing process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In our previous investigations regarding the role of selected electrode additives (such as potassium sulphide, bismuth sulphide, elemental bismuth and iron sulphide) in the performance of the iron electrode [26,28], we have found that although, the soluble bisulphite anion is responsible for an enhancement of cell performance, potassium sulphide only marginally improves the overall efficiency of the NiFe cell. This experimental observation seems rather counterintuitive, of course, however, we now believe the amounts of potassium sulphide that we used then, are in fact very low to be significant, and it should be investigated at larger compositions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cells were cycled from 0.6 to 1.4 V vs. Hg/HgO at a C/5 rate. Formation and stabilization of the electrodes were found to be complete by the 50 th cycle of charge and discharge [26,28]. Table 3 e Experimental design matrix and results for the 50th cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most promising strategies rely in the modification of the iron electrode formulation, by either nanostructuring the electrode or by the addition of elements (such as sulphur or bismuth) that are capable to increase the overpotential for hydrogen evolution [25e27]. As a consequence, different electrode formulation additives have been utilised to achieved that aim, including bismuth [28], bismuth sulphide [26], carbonaceous materials [29e31], iron oxide [32,33], etc. Undoubtedly, the development of sulphur based iron electrode formulations is one of the most promising alternatives [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broadly speaking, we have been using experimental design and multivariate analysis to facilitate our research [26,28,40]. In this manuscript, a 3 Â 4 full factorial design has been used to investigate the incidence of both lithium hydroxide and potassium sulphide in the electrolyte as a means to increase the hydrogen energy barrier (thus preventing hydrogen evolution from the decomposition of the electrolyte).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Controlling hydrogen evolution on iron electrodes

Posada

Hall

2015

2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Available online xxx Keywords:Iron electrode NiFe Electrolyte decompositionCell performance Hydrogen evolution a b s t r a c t Aiming to develop a cost effective means to store large amounts of electric energy, NiFe batteries were produced and tested under galvanostatic conditions at room temperature.Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop predictive equations that establish a link between hydrogen evolution and electrode manufacturing conditions, over a wide range of electrode/electrolyte systems. Basically, the intent was to investigate the incidence of lithium hydroxide and potassium sulphide as electrolyte additives on cell performance. With this in mind, in-house built Fe/FeS based electrodes were cycled against commercially available nickel electrodes on a three electrode cell configuration. A 3 Â 4 full factorial experimental design was proposed to investigate the combined effect of the aforementioned electrolyte additives on cell performance. As a consequence, data from 144 cells were finally used in conducting the analysis and finding the form of the predictive equations. Our findings suggest that at the level of confidence alpha ¼ 0.05, the presence of relatively large amounts of the soluble bisulphide would enhance the performance of the battery by reducing electrolyte decomposition.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Controlling hydrogen evolution on iron electrodes

Posada

Hall

2015

2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Multivalent Metallic Anodes for Rechargeable Batteries

Schaefer

Merrill

2019

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multivalent metals are an option for beyond lithium‐ion battery anodes due to their high relative abundance and/or charge capacities; of particular interest is the use of zinc, iron, magnesium, aluminum, and calcium metal. The state of the art and future directions of each metallic anode are discussed in terms of anode morphology, treatment, and electrolyte formulation. Zinc and iron anodes are reported in the context of aqueous electrolytes where anode morphology and carbon structure/loading have a great impact on battery performance. Magnesium, aluminum, and calcium, conversely, are discussed in the context of nonaqueous electrolytes, where electrolyte formulation is a determining factor in battery performance.

show abstract

Current distribution in a rectangular flow channel manufactured by 3‐D printing

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characterization and improvement of a rectangular channel electrolyte flow compartment used in an iron-air flow battery was carried out by using an arrangement of copper electrodes to measure the current density distribution employing the limiting current technique. The present work addresses the hydrodynamics and mass transport distribution in the compartment and their improvement by an improved electrolyte compartment that results in a more uniform current distribution. The current distribution was evaluated as the ratio between the local and the averaged limiting current densities during the reduction of copper ions over a range of mean linear flow velocity across the electrode surface (2-30 cm s -1 ).The initial compartment, showed larger differences between the minimum and maximum currents than the electrolyte compartment that resulted as part of the design process and showed a higher pressure drop at a given mean linear flow velocity.Keywords: 3D printing, current distribution, electrolyte compartment, mass transport, pressure drop * Author for correspondence: E-mail: capla@soton.ac.uk 2 IntroductionThe energy demands of modern society, together with its supply and distribution, pose challenging problems. Finding a solution without compromising future generations will require our energy infrastructure to be transformed by allowing a greater, more managed contribution from renewable energy sources. At the same time, the present energy conversion systems should adopt new technologies to become more versatile and efficient. These crucial issues, together with the need of the automotive industry to develop electric and hybrid vehicles, have triggered new research approaches in energy storage technologies.Fuel cells, redox flow batteries and metal-air batteries have been highlighted due to their potential to deliver a high specific energy at moderate cost. In particular, metal air batteries, such as zinc-aluminium-and iron-air batteries, have received increasing attention due to the low cost and natural abundance of the metals and air together with their ease of electrical recharging. Iron-air batteries have advantages during the recharging cycle compared to zinc-air batteries, which have a tendency to form zinc dendrites at the negative electrode upon repeated cycling 1 . Figure 1 shows that the specific energy and theoretical capacity of the iron-air battery compare well with zincair batteries 2,3 . There remain many challenges for the development of the iron-air battery, including the low cell voltage due to slow reduction and passivation of the iron electrode due to the formation of insoluble and non-conductive oxides on discharge and slow evolution of oxygen on charge. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled lower oxygen reaction overpotentials by the use of catalytic nanostructured materials and improvements in the reversibility of iron 4,5,6 . 3When designing an electrochemical iron-air battery, it is important to consider that having an even current distribution is essential for effic...

show abstract

Post-hoc comparisons among iron electrode formulations based on bismuth, bismuth sulphide, iron sulphide, and potassium sulphide under strong alkaline conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

Controlling hydrogen evolution on iron electrodes

Controlling hydrogen evolution on iron electrodes

Multivalent Metallic Anodes for Rechargeable Batteries

Current distribution in a rectangular flow channel manufactured by 3‐D printing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About