Post-harvest and autumn management of tall fescue seed fields

Hare, M. D.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1993.10417741

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…These factors have a particularly dominant influence on seed yield in the first production year and the effects persist for several successive seed crops. The results confirm the importance of an adequate density of tillers prior to winter for seed yield of tall fescue (Robson 1968;Hare 1992Hare , 1993Hare , 1994. The pattern of response of seed yield to plant density was similar for each of the three row spacings in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

Fairey¹,

Lefkovitch²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Fairey, N. A. and Lefkovitch, L. P. 1999. Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 535-541. A field study was conducted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) to determine the effect of the initial population density and spatial arrangement of plants on crop development and seed yield. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 plants m -2 ) and three row spacings (20, 40, and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991)(1992)(1993). Over the 3 yr, heading commenced at dates differing by 15 d and was delayed, as density increased, by 8, 6, and 2 d, respectively, in the first, second, and third production years. The time of seed maturity differed among years (21 July to 4 August) but was generally unaffected by density or row spacing. In the first production year, seed yield increased with density up to 25 plants m -2 for each row spacing, then remained constant to at least 50 plants m -2 with both 20-or 40-cm rows; it decreased slightly at 100 plants m -2 with 20-cm rows. In the second production year, seed yield was relatively independent of plant density except that it decreased when the initial density was less than 6 plants m -2 with a row spacing of 80 cm, and tended to be greatest with the 40-cm row spacing at 6-25 plants m -2 . In the third production year, seed yield was much lower than in the previous 2 yr but the pattern of response to the density and row spacing treatments was similar to that in the second production year. The seed yield of tall fescue can be optimized for at least 3 consecutive years by establishing an initial density of 20-100 plants m -2 in rows spaced 20-60 cm apart. If the maximization of first-year seed yield is a priority, then the initial establishment should be at a density of 25-50 plants m -2 in rows spaced 20-40 cm apart. (1991)(1992)(1993) les caractères associés à la production semencière. Durant cette péri-ode, un écart de 15 j séparait les dates du début de l'épiaison entre la première et la troisième année de production. En plus, l'accroissement de la densité de peuplement retardait l'épiaison par 8, 6 et 2 j, respectivement, dans la première, la deuxième et la troisième année de production. La date de maturité des graines différait, selon l'année, du 21 juillet au 4 août, mais elle était généralement peu sensible à la densité de peuplement ou à la largeur d'écartement des lignes. Dans la première année de production, le rendement semencier augmentait en fonction de la densité de peuplement jusqu'à concurrence de 25 plantes par m 2 , dans chaque largeur d'interligne, pour ensuite plafonner jusqu'à la densité d'au moins 50 plantes par m 2 , sur les lignes écartées de 20 et de 40 cm, et enfin retomber légèrement à la densité de 100 plantes au m 2 , dans les lignes écartées de 20 cm. Dans la seconde année de production, le rendement semencier était relativement insensible à la...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

Fairey¹,

Lefkovitch²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Based on these studies, and on others from the USA (Watson and Watson 1982;Albeke et al 1983;Chastain and Grabe 1989) and Japan (Suzuki 1989), which each reported a maximum density of reproductive tillers of 400 to 600 m -2 , Hare (1993) agreed with the earlier interpretation of Robson (1968) that the density of reproductive tillers in tall fescue may be limited genetically, and that insufficient nutrient resources may preclude the attainment of reproductive tiller densities as high as 1000 to 2000 m -2 . The present results do not support the existence of such a limitation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The dependence of tall fescue seed yield on the number of panicles m -2 has been well documented in New Zealand by Hare (1992Hare ( , 1993Hare ( , 1994 who also found that fertile tiller density was particularly important for the first seed crop (Hare 1994). Based on these studies, and on others from the USA (Watson and Watson 1982;Albeke et al 1983;Chastain and Grabe 1989) and Japan (Suzuki 1989), which each reported a maximum density of reproductive tillers of 400 to 600 m -2 , Hare (1993) agreed with the earlier interpretation of Robson (1968) that the density of reproductive tillers in tall fescue may be limited genetically, and that insufficient nutrient resources may preclude the attainment of reproductive tiller densities as high as 1000 to 2000 m -2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

Fairey

Lefkovitch²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Fairey, N. A. and Lefkovitch, L. P. 1999. Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 543-549. The population density and spatial arrangement of plants may influence the productive life and performance characteristics of a perennial grass-seed crop. A study was conducted to determine the effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m -2 ) and row spacing (20, 40, and 80 cm) of plants on reproductive yield components and seed characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), over 3 consecutive production years (1991)(1992)(1993) in the Peace region of Canada. The weight proportion of cleaned-to-uncleaned seed was 85-86% for the three lowest plant densities and then decreased, as density increased, to 82% at 12.5 plants m -2 and 66% at 100 plants m -2 . The 1000-seed weight decreased as density increased and ranged from 1.68 to 2.22 g (i.e., 595 000 to 450 000 seeds kg -1 ). The specific seed weight ranged from 18 to 31 kg hL -1 ; it differed among years, but the effect of plant density was inconsistent. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by plant density, but differed among years; it averaged 87%, 88% and 59% in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The seed yield/plant, the number of panicles/plant, and the number of seeds/plant decreased exponentially as plant density increased. The number of clean seeds/panicle decreased, as plant density increased, in the first year but was less affected subsequently, particularly with the 20-cm row spacing. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of panicles m -2 (r = 0.659***). An initial density no greater than 25 plants m -2 in rows spaced 20-40 cm apart enhanced seed quality by producing a greater proportion of clean seed which had a higher 1000-seed weight. Such a plant density, however, is at the low end of the optimum range for maximizing seed yield per unit land area. , sur les composantes du rendement grainier et sur les caractères des graines de la fétuque élevée (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), dans trois années de production consécutives : 1991 à 1993, dans la région de la Rivière-de-la-Paix au Canada. La proportion en poids graines propres/graines tout-venant était de 85 à 86 % aux trois densités de peuplement inférieures, mais en fonction de l'accroissement de la densité elle descendait à 82 % à celle de 12,5 plantes m 2 et à 66 % à celle de 100 plantes au m 2 . Le poids de 1000 graines diminuait à mesure qu'augmentait la densité, présentant un écart de 1,68 à 2,22 g (c.-à-d. 595 000 à 450 000 graines kg -1 ). Le poids à l'hectolitre des graines fluctuait de 18 à 31 kg et, bien que différent d'une année à l'autre, il ne manifestait aucun effet régulier de la densité de peuplement. Le pouvoir germinatif des graines était le même quelle que soit la densité de peuplement, mais il différait selon l'année, s'établissant, dans l'ordre, à 87, 88 et 59 % en moyenne en 1991, 1992 et 1993. ...

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“…Research on perennial forage, turf, and native grasses indicates that both defoliation and increasing row spacing influence grain yield by modifying tiller density. Increasing the number of fertile tillers per unit area can improve perennial grass seed yield (Deleuran, Gislum, & Boelt, 2009 and 2010; Han et al., 2013), but at a certain tiller density this relationship saturates (Aamlid, Heide, Christie, & McGraw, 1997; Hampton & Fairey, 1997; Hare, 1993). Competition among tillers results in a cascade of compensatory responses among yield components (YCs), affecting first tiller fertility, then spikelets per fertile tiller, florets per spikelet, seeds per floret, and seed size (Hampton & Fairey, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to these compensatory responses, in many cases management interventions that strongly influence one yield component do not affect seed yield (Deleuran et al., 2009 and 2010; Hampton & Fairey, 1997; Han et al., 2013; Hare, 1993; Koeritz, Watkins, & Ehlke, 2015; Young, Youngberg, & Chilcote, 1996). Seed number per fertile tiller is typically the YC with the strongest effect on total yield (Hampton & Fairey, 1997; Hebblethwaite & Clemence, 1981; Hebblethwaite & Ivins, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of defoliation and row spacing on intermediate wheatgrass I: Grain production

2020

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Increasing intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] grain yield and maintaining yield over the life of a stand will be critical to the economic viability of Kernza (The Land Institute) grain production. Research on perennial grasses has shown that seed yield can be enhanced by (a) mechanically defoliating the stand for hay production and (b) increasing row spacing. We evaluated the interacting effects of row spacing and defoliation across the 4-yr life of an intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) stand in St. Paul, MN. We measured grain yield, harvest index, lodging, and yield components including grain mass and number of tillers, spikes, and grains. Data was analyzed with linear mixed models and partial least squares path analysis. Overall, grain yield declined substantially over time, from a mean of 880 kg ha −1 in 2015 to 276 kg ha −1 in 2018. Wider row spacings tended to increase grain yield. Defoliation increased grain yield in the first 2 yr, but may have decreased stand vigor in later years. Neither management practice fundamentally mitigated yield decline. The main cause of yield decline was the reduction in grain number per high-yielding spike, which dropped by roughly half after the first year. The proportion of spikes that were high yielding also declined over time. Increasing competition among reproductive units likely contributed to yield decline, but there is also evidence that resource allocation to reproduction declined over time. Future research in IWG breeding and management should focus on maintaining high grain number, reducing intra-stand competition, and increasing resource allocation to reproduction.Abbreviations: Ctrl, no defoliation; Fa, defoliation only in fall; HI, harvest index; IWG, intermediate wheatgrass; R/FR, red/far red; Sp, defoliation only in spring; SpFa, defoliation in spring and fall; TKW, thousand kernel weight; YC, yield component.

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Post-harvest and autumn management of tall fescue seed fields

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 1. Yield and plant development

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

Effects of defoliation and row spacing on intermediate wheatgrass I: Grain production

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