“…Therefore, De Villiers's ore genetic model had to be modified to include this newly discovered kind of ore deposit. Most of the research which was carried out in the North West region previously was mainly focused on studying the mineral constituents of manganese wad and therefore less attention was given to the manganese nodules mineralization in the overly-ing alluvium as they were often regarded as simply gravels coated with Mn oxyhydroxides [Beukes et al, 1999;Gutzmer and Beukes, 1994;Pack et al, 2000;Van Niekerk et al, 1999a, 1999b. Results on mineral composition of the wad have shown that the wad comprised mainly of cryptomelane and pyrolusite and other accessory minerals such as kaolinite, silica.…”