Post-flowering forage potential of spring and winter cereal mixtures

Baron, V. S.; Dick, A. C.; Najda, H. G.; Salmon, D. F.

doi:10.4141/cjps92-014

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The DM yield ha -1 for the cereal monocrops ranged from 6.3 to 7.7 t ha -1 . Bishnoi et al (1978) and Lopetinsky (1991) reported a higher yield for triticale than for other cereal crops, whereas Berkenkamp and Meeres (1987) and Baron et al (1992b) reported that oats yielded more DM ha -1 than either barley or triticale. Similar yields for triticale, barley (Spara et al 1973;Cherney and Marten 1982a;Jedel and Salmon 1994), and oats (Brown and Almodares 1976;Cherney and Marten 1982a) have also been reported.…”

Section: Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages

Khorasani¹,

Jedel²,

Helm³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1997. Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 259-267. The objectives of this study were to determine changes in yield of total grain, stem and leaf DM, leaf:stem ratio and chemical composition during the growth period (boot to softdough stage) and during ensiling of whole-crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Noble'), oats (Avena sativa L. 'Cascade'), triticale (X Triticosecale Rimpani Witt. 'Wapiti'), and a 1:1 barley (Noble):winter triticale (cv. Pika) mixture. Data for whole-crop cereals were compared with a second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Algonquin'). Crude protein and nitrate concentrations of all crops decreased with advancing maturity. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose concentrations of all crops initially increased and then decreased with advancing maturity whereas acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations increased with advancing maturity. During the growth phase, oats and triticale had higher NDF and ADF concentrations, but by harvesting these differences had disappeared. Leaf as percentage of total DM and leaf:stem ratios were higher and the stem as percentage of total DM was lower for the barley:winter triticale mixture compared with the cereal monocrops. Cereal forages were ranked in order of decreasing quality as barley, barley:winter triticale, triticale, and oats.Key words: Alfalfa, barley, oats, triticale, silage, quality Khorasani, G. R., Jedel, P. E., Helm, J. H. et Kennelly, J. J. 1997. Influence du stade de croissance sur les composantes du rendement et sur la composition chimique des ensilages de céréales plante entière. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 259-267. L'objet de nos travaux était de suivre l'évolution du rendement total en grain, en tiges et en feuilles des céréales, ainsi que celle du rapport feuilles-tiges et de la composition chimique durant la période de croissance soit de la fin montaison au stade pâteux mou et durant la conservation en silo. Les céréales plante entière considérées étaient l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Noble'), l'avoine (Avena sativa L. 'Cascade'), le triticale (X Triticosecale Rimpani Witt. 'Wapiti') et une association à parts égales d'orge (Noble) et de triticale d'hiver (Pika). Les données recueillies étaient comparées à celles d'un premier regain de luzerne (Medicago sativa L. 'Algonquin'). Les concentrations de protéines et de nitrates dans toutes les cultures diminuaient en fonction du degré d'avancement de la végétation. Après une hausse initiale, les concentrations de fibres au détergent neutre (NDF), de lignocellulose (ADF) et de cellulose diminuaient avec l'avancement de la culture alors que les teneurs en LDA (lignine au détergent acide) augmentait régulièrement tout au long de la croissance. Durant la phase de croissance, l'avoine et le triticale révélaient des concentrations de NDF et de lignocellulose plus élevées, mais à la récolte ces différences avaient disparu. La part des feuilles dans le rendement total (m.s.) et le rappor...

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Section: Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages

Khorasani¹,

Jedel²,

Helm³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…However, there is limited information on nutritive value variability of swathed small grain dry matter from year to year and throughout the winter. Mixtures of small grains with other species have been used to increase nutritive value in silage and hay systems over small grains grown alone (Berkenkamp and Meeres 1987;Baron et al 1992b; Thompson et al 1992). Species that are effective for improving nutritive value in mixtures do so by adding leaf material to the small grain crop, which is usually between the heading and dough stages of development when harvested (Baron et al 1992a;Entz et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swath grazing potential of spring cereals, field pea and mixtures with other species

Aasen¹,

Clayton²,

Dick³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2004. Swath grazing potential of spring cereals, field pea and mixtures with other species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 1051-1058. There is little information on the relative suitability of cereal species and field pea or their mixtures for winter swath grazing. The objective of this study was to compare the swath grazing potential of small-grain cereal and field pea (Pisum sativa L.) monocultures, their mixtures, and mixtures with other species, by evaluating forage yield in the fall and changes in nutritive value due to weathering from fall until spring. The monocultures and mixtures were seeded in early summer and swathed in late September with conventional farm equipment for 3 yr. Dry matter yield was measured by harvesting a subplot (1.22 × 3.62 m) across each plot prior to swathing. A cross-section sample of swath was taken for quality determination immediately after swathing, in late November and April. In vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), protein, and neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations were measured for each sampling time. Generally, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and field pea monocrops produced similar yields, and mixtures did not out-yield monocrops. Yield of the barley/oat mixture was more stable from year to year than the respective monocrops. Addition of field pea to cereals in mixtures increased crude protein slightly and reduced NDF over cereal monocrops, but field pea mixtures did not improve nutritive value compared with the field pea monocrop. In one year with severe weathering conditions, field pea and field pea mixtures lost nutritive value faster than cereal monocrops initially, but had nutritive value similar to the cereal monocrops by April. Mixtures and monocrops lost nutritive value at a similar rate due to weathering. Added costs of growing mixtures rather than monocrops were not offset by superior yield, nutritive value, or resistance to weathering. On ne sait pas grand-chose de l'utilité relative des céréales, du pois de grande culture et de leurs mélanges pour la pâture hivernale sur andains. L'étude devait comparer le potentiel des petites céréales et du pois de plein champ (Pisum sativum L.), de leur combinaison et de leurs mélanges avec d'autres espèces en la matière par évaluation du rendement fourrager à l'automne et par analyse des variations de la valeur nutritive attribuables à l'altération sur pied entre l'automne et le printemps. Trois années durant, monocultures et mélanges ont été semés au début de l'été puis mis en andains à la fin de septembre avec du matériel agricole ordinaire. On a mesuré le rendement en matière sèche en récoltant une partie (1,22 × 3,62 m) de la parcelle avant l'andainage. Pour évaluer la qualité du foin après cette opéra-tion, on a prélevé un échantillon transversal des andains à la fin de novembre et en avril. La concentration de matière organique digestible in vitro, des protéines ainsi que des fibres au détergent neutre (FDN) et acide (FDA) a été établie à chaque date d'échantil-lonnage. Dans l'e...

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“…The presence of a non-cereal in the mixture reduced yield, but pea in the mixture with oat increased crude protein per hectare. Baron et al (1992) found that total forage yield of spring and winter cereal mixtures seeded in equal proportions was 10% lower than that of the corresponding spring cereal seeded as a monocrop when harvested at the late-milk stage. However, the spring cereal's dominance in the mixture resulted in the spring component contributing more than 50% to the dry matter yield.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baron et al (1992) demonstrated that springplanted mixtures of spring and winter cereals could provide a spring silage crop, and the regrowth, primarily of the winter cereal component could provide fall pasture. However, the effect of the proportion of spring and winter cereals at seeding, and the seeding rate of the mixture has not been studied in depth.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Le rendement automnal n'est pas affecté par la densité de semis ou les effets de cette dernière sont douteux sur le plan pratique. Le ray-grass d'Italie donne la meilleure repousse automnale.Mots clés: Monoculture, culture intercalaire, annuelles fourragères, densité de semis, ratio d'ensemencement Spring-planted annual cereals including spring-planted winter cereals can be used in mixtures to provide excellentquality late-fall grazing (Howard et al 1990;Baron et al 1992;Aasen and Baron 1993;Baron et al 1994;McCartney et al 2004). Baron et al (1992) demonstrated that springplanted mixtures of spring and winter cereals could provide a spring silage crop, and the regrowth, primarily of the winter cereal component could provide fall pasture.…”

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Seeding ratios and rates that maximize annual forage production in Black soil zones of central Saskatchewan

McCartney¹,

Townley-Smith²,

Stevenson³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2005. Seeding ratios and rates that maximize annual forage production in Black soil zones of central Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 615-622. Three different seeding densities and four seeding ratios of spring and fall crop components for annual forage production were evaluated for maximizing silage and fall regrowth yield in a 3-yr study at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Binary mixtures of a spring cereal, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.), and a fall crop, fall rye (Secale cereale L.) or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), were seeded at three total stand seed densities (150, 275 and 400 seeds m -2 ), which consequently resulted in the following spring:fall seeding crop component ratios: 1:0, 2:1, 1:2 and 0:1. Both spring and fall crops were harvested when the spring cereals were at the soft-dough stage (silage cut) and late in the autumn (fall regrowth cut). Average spring crop component yield was greater for the silage cut (4806 kg ha -1 ) than for the fall regrowth cut (329 kg ha -1 ), and total sward yield was greater for the silage cut (5995 kg ha -1 ) than for the fall regrowth cut (1261 kg ha -1 ). Productivity of the fall component was 1173 and 929 kg ha -1 for the silage and fall regrowth cuts, respectively. Total crop yield was often maximized with seeding ratios of 60% spring:fall crop component or greater for the different combinations. Fall regrowth cut yields were always maximized by seeding 100% fall crop component. The spring crop component yield, especially for the oat mixtures, contributed very little to fall regrowth yields. Stand seeding rate frequently affected spring component and total crop yield, but not fall crop yield. Silage and annual yield for the spring crop and total sward increased with increase in stand seeding rate. Fall crop yield was not affected by stand seeding rate or its effect was of questionable practical importance. Italian ryegrass produced the most fall regrowth yield. Weed management was identified as a possible area for future research with regard to seeding ratios and rates for annual forage stands. . Le rendement moyen des composantes printanières est plus élevé pour l'ensilage (4 806 kg par hectare) que pour la repousse automnale (329 kg par hectare) et le rendement total du peuplement était plus important pour l'ensilage (5 995 kg par hectare) que pour la repousse automnale (1 261 kg par hectare). La productivité des composantes automnales s'établissait respectivement à 1 173 kg par hectare pour l'ensilage et à 929 kg par hectare pour la repousse automnale. Le rendement total des différentes combinaisons est souvent maximisé par un ratio d'ensemencement de 60 % ou davantage entre composantes printanières et composantes automnales. Le rendement de la repousse automnale est toujours maximisé par l'ensemencement de 100 % de composantes automnales. Le rendement des composantes printanières, surtout pour les combinaisons incluant l'avoine, concourt très peu au rendement de la repousse automnale. La densité de semis affecte souvent les comp...

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Post-flowering forage potential of spring and winter cereal mixtures

Abstract: 6,5,9,9 et7,5 et 10,9 et2O,4% inf6rieures. Bien qu'on ne connaisse pas l'ampleur de I'effet compensatoire, la meilleure qualit6 fourragbre des m6langes devrait compenser, du moins en partie, la l6gdre baisse de leur rendement de MS par rapport aux c6r6ales de printemps.

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages

Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages

Swath grazing potential of spring cereals, field pea and mixtures with other species

Seeding ratios and rates that maximize annual forage production in Black soil zones of central Saskatchewan

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