Post-fire recovery of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil nutrients, and soil erodibility in rotational shifting cultivation in Northern Thailand

Arunrat, Noppol; Sereenonchai, Sukanya; Kongsurakan, Praeploy; Iwai, Chuleemas Boonthai; Yuttitham, Monthira; Hatano, Ryusuke

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1117427

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In Northern Thailand, rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) is a traditional farming practice among the inhabitants of mountainous regions (Arunrat et al, 2022b). RSC involves managing fallow cycles where one area is temporarily cultivated and subsequently left fallow to allow vegetation and soil fertility to recover, while the farmers move on to another area (Arunrat et al, 2023a). Fire is utilized as a land preparation tool during the conversion process, altering soil characteristics depending on the severity and intensity of the burn (Caon et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of soil bacteria in undisturbed soil and continuous maize cultivation in Northern Thailand

Arunrat,

Sansupa,

Sereenonchai

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) in Northern Thailand serves the dual purpose of ensuring food security and meeting economic goals through maize cultivation. However, the research question remains: Does the dynamics of soil bacterial communities differ between maize monoculture and RSC fields with continuous fallow throughout the season? Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the variation of soil bacterial communities in maize monoculture and fallow RSC fields. A continuous 5-year fallow field (undisturbed soil; CF-5Y) and a continuous 5-year maize cultivation field (M-5Y) in Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand, were selected due to their similarities in microclimate, topography, and the 5-year duration of different field activities. Over the span of a year, we collected soil samples from the surface layer (0–2 cm depth) at both sites. These collections occurred at 3-month intervals, starting from March 2022 (summer season) and followed by June (rainy season), September (rainy season), December (winter season), and March 2023 (summer season). Soil bacterial diversity and composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis. The results found that undisturbed soil over a 5-year period exhibited more stability in the richness and diversity of bacteria across seasons compared with M-5Y. Notably, fertilizer application and tillage practices in M-5Y can enhance both the diversity and richness of soil bacteria. In terms of bacterial abundance, Proteobacteria prevailed in CF-5Y, while Actinobacteria dominated in M-5Y. At the genus level, Candidatus Udaeobacter dominated during the summer and winter seasons in both CF-5Y and M-5Y sites. Interestingly, during the rainy season, the dominant genus shifted to Bacillus in both CF-5Y and M-5Y fields. The soil bacterial community in M-5Y was strongly influenced by organic matter (OM) and organic carbon (OC). In contrast, in CF-5Y, there was no correlation between soil properties and the soil bacterial community, likely due to the lower variation in soil properties across seasons. β-Glucosidase was the dominant enzyme in both CF-5Y and M-5Y sites, and it showed a positive correlation with OM and OC. Further studies should continue to investigate soil bacteria dynamics, considering the changes in land management practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of soil bacteria in undisturbed soil and continuous maize cultivation in Northern Thailand

Arunrat,

Sansupa,

Sereenonchai

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Red, burned site; Blue, unburned site. cause the death of soil organisms but also change the availability of organic matter, nutrients, and pH (De Marco et al, 2005;Capogna et al, 2009;Pellegrini et al, 2022;Arunrat et al, 2023;Zhang et al, 2023). There are three types of strategies soil organisms can adopt to survive forest fires: flee, hide, and protect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast soil recovery after a fire: case study in Maritime Alps (Piedmont, Italy) using microarthropods and QBS-ar index

Fusco,

Fortini,

Casale

et al. 2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Soil is a very fragile ecosystem, often subject to many threats. Wildfires can affect edaphic communities depending on the intensity and seasonality of the fire. Different groups of soil fauna tend to respond differently to this type of disturbance, but the lack of data prevents to fully analyze the impact of fire. Soil microarthropods show a particular sensitivity to disturbances of different nature, making them excellent biological indicators. That is why in recent years many biotic indices to assess soil quality, like QBS-ar (Soil Biological Quality based on arthropods), have been developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there might be a significant difference between areas affected or not by fire in the locality of Andonno (Piedmont, Italy) in terms of QBS-ar values, 18 years after this disturbance, and whether the reforestation intervention is having a positive effect on soil quality. Two sampling sites were selected within the sampling area and in each, six soil samples were taken. Microarthropods were extracted with a Berlese-Tüllgren extractor and soil biological quality was calculated using the QBS-ar index. No significant difference in QBS-ar values were found between the fire burned and unburned areas (p=0.37). The number of biological and euedaphic forms in the two sites was similar. It appears that microarthropod communities manage to recover in a short time, indicating that in the study area soil fauna has shown a fast recovery after extreme events like wildfires.

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“…Older fallow fields accumulate more leaf litter and other organic debris from above and below-ground biomass (Murovhi et al, 2012). In addition, the roots of weeds and grasses are a significant source of OM in the surface layer (Arunrat et al, 2023). This finding is consistent with Sharma et al (2022), who reported that higher OM inputs from persistent vegetation cover in older fallow fields contribute to the higher OC content compared to 3) suggests that it is rich in OM and undergoes more organic acid production during decomposition processes, which is consistent with Hong et al (2019).…”

Section: Effect Of Fallow Periods On Soil Properties and Soil Surface...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northern Vietnam, Dung et al (2008) estimated that the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus would require more than 30 years and more than 6 years, respectively. In northern Thailand, Arunrat et al (2023) observed that SOC and STN stocks had not reached pre-fire levels even after 2 years had passed. Meanwhile, a longer cycle duration allowed the germination of weed seeds and regrowth, which enhances the recovery of soil nutrients and reduces soil loss (Figure 7).…”

Section: Effect Of Fallow Periods On Soil Properties and Soil Surface...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of soil properties and soil surface loss after fire in rotational shifting cultivation in Northern Thailand

Arunrat,

Sereenonchai,

Kongsurakan

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Since fire is still necessary for rotational shifting cultivation (RSC), the vertical distribution and slope effect on soil properties and soil surface loss after a fire remain unclear. To address these research gaps, the study aims to achieve the following objectives: 1) investigating post-fire soil properties and soil surface loss in RSC, and 2) assessing the vertical distribution and slope effect on soil properties and soil surface loss in RSC. Soil samples were collected from two stages of RSC: 6 years (RSC-6Y) and 12 years (RSC-12Y), located in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. A continuous 15-year left fallow field (CF-15Y) was used as the reference site. Soil samples were collected from the upper, middle, and lower slopes at depths of 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm at five different time points: before burning, 5 min, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months post-fire. The results indicated that older fallow fields had a tendency to accumulate more soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (STN). The color of the ash was altered by the fire, resulting in dark reddish-brown ash with higher levels of pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and soil nutrients when compared to gray and white ashes. The combustion of OM during the fire was found to release soil nutrients, which could explain the increase after burning. SOC stock increased at deeper layers (5–10 cm) with higher values than pre-burning levels, especially at lower slope positions, while STN stock decreased at the surface soil post-fire but increased in deeper layers at all slope positions. The average soil surface loss ranged from 1.6 to 3.1 cm, with the highest loss observed 9 months after the fire (during the rainy season) at the upper slope. In terms of the impact of slope on soil properties following the fire event, our study indicated a significant correlation between lower slopes and variables including SOC, STN, electrical conductivity, nitrate–nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium. Further study is required to investigate and develop appropriate post-fire management strategies to effectively reduce nutrient loss and minimize soil surface erosion.

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Post-fire recovery of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil nutrients, and soil erodibility in rotational shifting cultivation in Northern Thailand

Cited by 15 publications

References 86 publications

Stability of soil bacteria in undisturbed soil and continuous maize cultivation in Northern Thailand

Stability of soil bacteria in undisturbed soil and continuous maize cultivation in Northern Thailand

Fast soil recovery after a fire: case study in Maritime Alps (Piedmont, Italy) using microarthropods and QBS-ar index

Variations of soil properties and soil surface loss after fire in rotational shifting cultivation in Northern Thailand

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