Post fire materials identification by micro-Raman spectroscopy and principal components analysis

Kerr, Tanya J.; Duncan, Keith L.; Myers, Leary

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2013.03.008

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Raman analysis has been shown previously to successfully identify materials postfire. Raman mapping analysis is performed using the library built from the data in table I, and its efficiency in material identification is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blue portions of the map are designated to areas where no significant Raman spectrum was collected. The yellow spectrum at the bottom of (c) shows characteristic broadening and shifting of the 1461 cm −1 peak associated with the decomposed polypropylene as the crystallinity of the material is diminished creating structural disorder. There is also a broad peak at 1335 cm −1 where the original regularity bands at 1299 and 1333 cm −1 coalesce and shifted slightly (see Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were purchased from a local home supplies store, for the results to be most applicable to a domestic fire. To prepare the fused samples for identification by Raman mapping analysis, the burn pan used in previous work was adopted to create three different case studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies performed by Kerr et al , following on the work performed by Gonzalez, demonstrated that applying a series of fluorescence rejection techniques, such as the use of aluminum‐covered slides, longer wavelength laser, and spectral derivation, increased the number of significant peaks and increased statically the ability for material identification postfire. The work performed by Kerr et al showed that the Raman spectra of these plastics postfire were repeatable and unique by the application of principal component analysis to the data . It is in a bid to increase the utility of Raman spectroscopy that the work in this paper was carried out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping: A Tool for Identification of Fused Materials in Fire Debris

Kerr

Myers

Duncan

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Examination of fire debris can provide information about the types of materials which were present at the time of the fire to give insights for fire scene reconstruction and understanding compartment fire dynamics. This paper demonstrates the ability of Raman spectroscopy for material identification postfire in complex situations, such as the production of fused masses during fire dropdown. A validated Raman spectral library is combined with Raman mapping in three fire case studies, to determine the individual materials in the fused masses formed. The case studies accessed material combinations of several common polymers. Raman mapping was carried out on a 10 μm × 10 μm square of the masses. Material identification using this technique ranged from a high of 85% match to a low of 40% match. This work demonstrated that complex masses found in the fire debris can be resolved into the individual material components for identification and spatial distribution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping: A Tool for Identification of Fused Materials in Fire Debris

Kerr

Myers

Duncan

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Both PCA and k-NN were used by Kerr et al in their study into the discrimination of six polymers after burning (Kerr et al, 2013). The polymers were selected as those common in household materials and were burned under controlled conditions.…”

Section: Fire Debris and Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometrics

Smith¹

2015

Forensic Chemistry

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Rising Like a Phoenix from the Ashes: Fire‐Proof Magnetically Retrievable Supraparticles with an Optical Fingerprint for Postmortem Identification of Products

Miller

Wenderoth

Wintzheimer

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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correctly and rarely meet the required safety standards. [1,2] Frequently, counterfeit components cause a short circuit, overheat, and subsequently catch fire. Manufacturers are liable in such a scenario and face an enormous reputational loss unless they can prove forgery. This topic is highly relevant for forward-looking industries such as electromobility and automatization, since counterfeit battery cells, for example, can result in vehicle fires.Fire-proof postmortem labels could, for example, enable publicly appointed and sworn experts to verify the originality of a product even after a fire. To our knowledge, however, there are currently no suitable marking technologies available to prove beyond doubt the originality of an object after a fire.In forensic science, comprehensive analytical methods have been applied and further developed to characterize fire debris. Examples include gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector, [3][4][5] isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, [6,7] capillary electrophoresis, [8][9][10] or vibrational spectroscopic analysis methods, such as Raman or infrared spectroscopy. [11][12][13] All established methods for the characterization of fire residues have in common that they are complicated, as well as time-and cost-intensive, since also partly complex extraction steps of the analyte are necessary. Moreover, they are based exclusively on the analysis of the intrinsic material properties of burned objects, which, however, can change considerably and manifold depending on the fire condition. [14] Conventional anticounterfeiting features, such as miniaturized printed watermarks or quick response (QR) codes, as well as radio-frequency Identification (RFID) chips, show a sufficient performance during the useful life of a product but are unsuitable for postmortem identification as they are to a large extent not fire-proof. There have been attempts to coat RFID chips with anti-fire materials to increase their resistance when exposed to fire. However, tests were successful only up to 250 °C and the tags are limited in that their components decompose thermally above temperatures beyond ≈500 °C. [15] In addition, these tags are in the macroscopic size range and are not suitable for marking components of electronic devices (e.g., microchips).For these reasons, novel approaches are needed to verify the originality of burned electronic devices. Within the last Counterfeit electronic products not only cause financial losses but also come with safety risks. The worst-case failure scenario certainly is a fire event. Since manufacturers are liable for damages and suffer image loss, fire-proof postmortem taggants are needed, enabling differentiation between originals and counterfeits even after a fire incident. This work presents such taggants: optomagnetic supraparticles (SPs), i.e., complex microscale particles composed of luminescent and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are generated. Their hybrid nature is pivotal, as magnetic separation can effectively remove the tags from light-absorb...

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Post fire materials identification by micro-Raman spectroscopy and principal components analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping: A Tool for Identification of Fused Materials in Fire Debris

Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping: A Tool for Identification of Fused Materials in Fire Debris

Chemometrics

Rising Like a Phoenix from the Ashes: Fire‐Proof Magnetically Retrievable Supraparticles with an Optical Fingerprint for Postmortem Identification of Products

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