Post-fire damage assessment and capacity based modeling of concrete exposed to elevated temperature

Thanaraj, Daniel Paul; Anand, N.; Arulraj, G. Prince; Zalok, Ehab

doi:10.1177/1056789519881484

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It is the maximum crack widths of C20 and C50 concrete mix. The concrete specimens with C50/B50 strength grade exhibit larger cracks in various temperature profile 46 . Figure 17 shows thermal crack widths of cubes and beams.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for thermal crack detection and quantification in structural concrete using ripplet transform

Andrushia

Anand

2020

Struct Control Health Monit

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Fire accidents in the concrete structures affect the safety of human beings and structural components. Due to higher temperatures, thermal cracks are conceived in concrete elements. Crack identification, localization, and quantification are the three major components in the damage assessment system. This paper aims to detect thermal cracks of fire-affected concrete structures using ripplet transform-based computer vision method. Initially, the concrete images are decomposed with discrete ripplet transform (DRT). The low frequency subbands are approximated with column filtering-based gray level difference metric. It removes the uneven concrete background. Ripplet coefficient variance parameter (RCVP) is used to differentiate the crack pixels from noisy pixels which is used to eliminate the noises. Finally, in the reconstructed image, the major and minor thermal cracks are detected. The obtained thermal cracks are quantified with the crack properties of length, width, area, and perimeter. The novelty of the proposed method relays on the usage of ripplet transform for the detection of thermal cracks for different concrete grades and different durations of temperature profile. The experimental results are compared with four transform domain state-of-the-method crack detection methods. The proposed method yields better results in terms of the accuracy and average execution time. K E Y W O R D S crack detection, crack properties, discrete ripplet transform, temperature, thermal crack 1 | INTRODUCTION Many automatic methods are being developed to monitor the structural health. The automatic methods are developed with the objective of reducing the manpower requirement and to perform effective analysis, so as to minimize the human errors in the concrete structures. Periodical evaluation is done through automatic systems to identify the damage of concrete structures. Assessment of damages in various infrastructure is possible through structural health monitoring (SHM) approaches. 1,2 Cracks are present in all type of concrete structures. Concrete structures are often affected by stress, environmental factors, heavy loading, and aging. In extreme cases, the damages to concrete structures may result in loss of the life of occupants. Identification and quantification of cracks are paramount to evaluate the present conditions of structures and to take necessary actions for retrofitting the structures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for thermal crack detection and quantification in structural concrete using ripplet transform

Andrushia

Anand

2020

Struct Control Health Monit

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“…The higher concrete grade suffers higher strength loss [14]. The heating rate and time of exposure affects concrete performance in fire [15]. The concrete suffers negligible up to 200 °C as only free water evaporates (exceptions are also reported [16]), at 300 °C bounded water starts evaporating, thus, CHS starts irreversibly dehydrating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compressive strength of concrete can hence reduce down to 90 % at 750 °C [19]. A multitude of parameters, however, like the nature and setup of the experiments, or the mix design parameters, highly govern these findings [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of SCMs can be used in for improving the fire performance of concrete [21]. The inclusion of suitable filler may prevent thermally induced explosive spalling if their melting temperature is lower than the temperature at which explosive spalling occurs [15]. The melted fillers could be absorbed by the matrix resulting in a conduit left for steam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a special attention is spent for the realistic thermal exposure of cubic samples in fire conditions. In general, the standard ISO 834 thermal history (or a fixed rate of heating) is in fact imposed for different time durations in dedicated furnaces, in order to expose the investigated specimens to elevated temperature [15,22]. In few cases only, the concrete specimens have been exposed to real flame [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Compressive Behaviour of Sustainable Cement-Based Composites Under 1-Hour Direct Flame Exposure

Vedrtnam¹,

Bedon²,

Barluenga³

2020

Preprint

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Fire is a significant threat to human life and civil infrastructures. Builders and architects are hankering for safer and sustainable alternatives of concrete that do not compromise with their design intent or fire safety requirements. The aim of the present work is to improve the residual compressive performance of concrete in the post-fire exposure, by incorporating by-products from urban residues. Based on sustainability and circular economy motivations, the attention is focused on rubber tire fly ash, aged brick powder, and plastic (PET) bottle residuals used as partial sand replacement. The selected by-products from urban residues are used for the preparation of Cement-Based Composites (CBCs) in two different proportions (10 % and 15 %). The thermal CBC behaviour is thus investigated under realistic fire scenarios (i.e., Direct Flame (DF) for 1 hour (1h)), by following the ISO 834 standard provisions, but necessarily resulting in non-uniform thermal exposure for the cubic specimens. The actual thermal exposure is further explored with a Finite Element (FE) model, giving evidence of thermal boundaries effects. The post-fire residual compressive strength of heated concrete and CBC samples is hence experimentally derived, and compared to unheated specimens in ambient conditions. From the experimental study, the enhanced post-fire performance of CBCs with PET bottle residual is generally found superior to other CBCs or concrete. The structure-property relation is also established, with the support of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Based on existing empirical models of literature for the prediction of the compressive or residual compressive strength of standard concrete, newly developed empirical relations for both concrete and CBCs are assessed.

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Performance of clay masonry prisms with light weight plaster exposed to standard fire exposure

et al. 2022

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Clay bricks are one of the most widely used materials in building construction due to their advantages, including local availability, ease of fabrication and cost‐effectiveness. Fire is one of the dangerous hazards that can cause damage the life and property. Lightweight plasters play a vital role in insulating the masonry construction during fire accident. There is only limited data and information available on the fire performance of Clay Brick Masonry (CBM) insulated with lightweight plaster. An extensive investigation was undertaken to evaluate the residual strength properties and physical characteristics of CBM prisms exposed to elevated temperatures. CBM prisms plastered with M‐sand mortar, vermiculite mortar, and perlite mortar were used for the investigation. Protected prisms were exposed to elevated temperatures following the ISO 834 standard fire curve for durations of 30 min (821°C), 60 min (925°C), 90 min (986°C), and 120 min (1029°C). Mechanical properties such as axial load carrying capacity, stress–strain behaviour, elastic modulus, and crack pattern were examined. The mechanical properties of CBM prisms were found to be highly influenced by the type of plastering, intensity, and the duration of heating. The microstructure and image analysis confirmed the effects of temperature exposure on protective plasters. Equations are proposed to determine the residual axial compressive strength and the elastic modulus of CBM. It was found that the specimens plastered with perlite mortar had better fire resistance.

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Post-fire damage assessment and capacity based modeling of concrete exposed to elevated temperature

Cited by 45 publications

References 65 publications

A novel approach for thermal crack detection and quantification in structural concrete using ripplet transform

A novel approach for thermal crack detection and quantification in structural concrete using ripplet transform

Study on the Compressive Behaviour of Sustainable Cement-Based Composites Under 1-Hour Direct Flame Exposure

Performance of clay masonry prisms with light weight plaster exposed to standard fire exposure

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