Post-Embryonic Development of Circadian Oscillations Within and Outside the Optic Lobe in the Cricket,<i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>

Uryu, Outa; Tomioka, Kenji

doi:10.2108/zs130230

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Although this cricket is diurnal in nymphs but reverses to nocturnal after imaginal moulting (Tomioka & Chiba, ), nymphs show a light‐induced phase response curve (PRC) similar to that of adults at least in the final‐instar nymphal stage (Okada et al ., ). Nymphs also show basically similar expression profiles of clock genes to those of adults (Uryu & Tomioka, ) and the oscillatory mechanism of the clock appears to be similar to that of adults. Therefore, the present study examines whether a common resetting mechanism is shared by nymphs and adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Transcriptional and nontranscriptional events are involved in photic entrainment of the circadian clock in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2016

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Most insects show daily activity rhythms that are controlled by endogenous circadian clocks. A basic property of the clock is entrainment to daily environmental cycles to run with an exact 24-h period. The entrainment is achieved mainly through resetting by light. The present study analyses the light resetting mechanism of the clock in first-instar nymphal and adult crickets Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer). A 3-h light pulse given at early subjective night and late subjective night causes a phase delay and an advance, respectively, of adult locomotor rhythms. The magnitude of the shift caused by the light pulse at circadian time 12 h in constant darkness is significantly smaller than that caused by a 3-h extension of light phase. Measurement of mRNA levels during the light-induced phase shifts yielded basically similar results for nymphs and adults. When a 3-h light pulse is given at early night by light phase extension, an increase of Pdp1 occurs, which is followed by upregulation of the genes Clk and subsequently by per and tim. These changes are eliminated by RNA interference of opsin-long wavelength, which is expressed in the compound eye and encodes a green-sensitive opsin, the major photoreceptor for photic entrainment of the clock. No clear changes in mRNA levels are observed for light pulses given at late subjective night or at early subjective night after 24 h of constant darkness. These results suggest that the photic entrainment mechanism of the clock may be shared by nymphal and adult crickets, including transcriptional and nontranscriptional events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Transcriptional and nontranscriptional events are involved in photic entrainment of the circadian clock in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2016

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“…night activity in the migratory life state and day activity in the pre-migratory state) [70]. In insects, the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus shows lower expression of tim and per in the nocturnal nymphs compared to the diurnal adults [71]. Whether and how the differences in transcription levels of clock genes in S. frugiperda strains may affect behavioral variation in timing of sexual activities remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic basis of allochronic differentiation in the fall armyworm

Hänniger

Dumas

Schöfl³

et al. 2017

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundVery little is known on how changes in circadian rhythms evolve. The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) consists of two strains that exhibit allochronic differentiation in their mating time, which acts as a premating isolation barrier between the strains. We investigated the genetic basis of the strain-specific timing differences to identify the molecular mechanisms of differentiation in circadian rhythms.ResultsThrough QTL analyses we identified one major Quantitative trait chromosome (QTC) underlying differentiation in circadian timing of mating activity. Using RADtags, we identified this QTC to be homologous to Bombyx mori C27, on which the clock gene vrille is located, which thus became the major candidate gene. In S. frugiperda, vrille showed strain-specific polymorphisms. Also, vrille expression differed significantly between the strains, with the rice-strain showing higher expression levels than the corn-strain. In addition, RT-qPCR experiments with the other main clock genes showed that pdp1, antagonist of vrille in the modulatory feedback loop of the circadian clock, showed higher expression levels in the rice-strain than in the corn-strain.ConclusionsTogether, our results indicate that the allochronic differentiation in the two strains of S. frugiperda is associated with differential transcription of vrille or a cis-acting gene close to vrille, which contributes to the evolution of prezygotic isolation in S. frugiperda.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0911-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Immunohistochemically detected rhythmic changes in PER protein levels in the cells of the epidermis, midgut, and ovaries of D. pulex indicate the presence of peripheral oscillators in these organs. Such oscillators have been described in the homologous organs of insects, such as in the epidermis of D. melanogaster , A. gambiae , and R. pedestris (Ito et al., ; Ikeno et al., ; Rund et al., ); in the midgut of Antheraea pernyi , G. bimaculatus , and Pyrrhocoris apterus (Sauman and Reppert, ; Uryu and Tomioka, ; Bajgar et al., ; Uryu and Tomioka, ); and in the ovaries of Schistocerca gregaria and D. melanogaster (Beaver et al., ; Rush et al., ; Kotwica et al., ; Tobback et al., ). However, in D. melanogaster , no rhythmic expression of clock genes or proteins has been described in any of the sex or somatic ovarian cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Expression of the Clock Genes in the Water Flea Daphnia pulex (Crustacea: Cladocera)

et al. 2016

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The timekeeping mechanisms that operate at the core of circadian clocks (oscillators) are based on interacting molecular feedback loops consisting of clock and clock-associated genes. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the expression of clock genes (particularly those forming its core) in single crustacean species at the mRNA and protein levels, and these studies could serve as a basis for constructing a model of the crustacean molecular oscillator. Studies on Daphnia pulex are well suited to fill this gap because this species is the only representative crustacean whose genome has been sequenced. We analyzed the abundance of 20 gene transcripts throughout the day in the whole bodies of D. pulex (single clone); we found that 15 of these genes were transcriptionally active, and most had daily expression level changes. According to the functional classification of their homologues in insects, these genes may represent elements of the Daphnia molecular oscillator core and its input and output pathways. Studies of PERIOD (PER) protein, one of the main clock components, revealed its rhythmic expression pattern in the epidermis, gut, and ovaries. Finally, the cycling levels of many of these clock components observed in animals reared in continuous light led to the conclusion that the Daphnia oscillator, even if it is structurally similar to the oscillators of other arthropods, can be considered a particularly important adaptive mechanism for living in environments with extreme photoperiods.

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Post-Embryonic Development of Circadian Oscillations Within and Outside the Optic Lobe in the Cricket,Gryllus bimaculatus

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Transcriptional and nontranscriptional events are involved in photic entrainment of the circadian clock in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Transcriptional and nontranscriptional events are involved in photic entrainment of the circadian clock in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Genetic basis of allochronic differentiation in the fall armyworm

Temporal Expression of the Clock Genes in the Water Flea Daphnia pulex (Crustacea: Cladocera)

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