Post-effect of forward and backward locomotion on body orientation in space during quiet stance

Nunzio, Alessandro Marco De; Zanetti, Carlo; Schieppati, Marco

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0903-7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Further, walking on a linear treadmill, at variance with overground walking, produces an after-effect on the orientation of the standing body in the form of a forward body inclination lasting for a few minutes [39]. In this case, body inclination would be the consequence of a change in the postural reference arising from treadmill locomotion itself, possibly connected to the peculiarities of this type of walking [40]. Moreover and more interestingly for the present account, when standing subjects oppose for a while a rotational torque applied to the pelvis, an involuntary postcontraction of the trunk muscles is observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping in Place While Voluntarily Turning Around Produces a Long-Lasting Posteffect Consisting in Inadvertent Turning While Stepping Eyes Closed

Sozzi

Schieppati

2016

Neural Plasticity

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Training subjects to step in place on a rotating platform while maintaining a fixed body orientation in space produces a posteffect consisting in inadvertent turning around while stepping in place eyes closed (podokinetic after-rotation, PKAR). We tested the hypothesis that voluntary turning around while stepping in place also produces a posteffect similar to PKAR. Sixteen subjects performed 12 min of voluntary turning while stepping around their vertical axis eyes closed and 12 min of stepping in place eyes open on the center of a platform rotating at 60°/s (pretests). Then, subjects continued stepping in place eyes closed for at least 10 min (posteffect). We recorded the positions of markers fixed to head, shoulder, and feet. The posteffect of voluntary turning shared all features of PKAR. Time decay of angular velocity, stepping cadence, head acceleration, and ratio of angular velocity after to angular velocity before were similar between both protocols. Both postrotations took place inadvertently. The posteffects are possibly dependent on the repeated voluntary contraction of leg and foot intrarotating pelvic muscles that rotate the trunk over the stance foot, a synergy common to both protocols. We propose that stepping in place and voluntary turning can be a scheme ancillary to the rotating platform for training body segment coordination in patients with impairment of turning synergies of various origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping in Place While Voluntarily Turning Around Produces a Long-Lasting Posteffect Consisting in Inadvertent Turning While Stepping Eyes Closed

Sozzi

Schieppati

2016

Neural Plasticity

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“…It has recently been demonstrated that periods of 6 minutes treadmill FW or BW have differing acute effects on standing posture with increased forward inclination after FW and backward inclination and centre of pressure position after BW (De Nunzio et al, 2009). Adaptions in FW following BW may demonstrate the adaptability or flexibility of the control systems and it can be suggested that if the two locomotion patterns share the same neural control structures that BW will cause changes in subsequent FW (Choi and Bastian, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity, symmetry and variability of forward and backward walking at different speeds and transfer effects on forward walking: Implications for neural control

Walsh

Taylor

2019

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study aimed to investigate effects of walking direction and speed on gait complexity, symmetry and variability as indicators of neural control mechanisms, and if a period of backward walking has acute effects on forward walking. Twenty-two young adults attended 2 visits. In each visit participants walked forwards at preferred walking speed (PWS) for 3-minutes (pre) followed by 5-minutes walking each at 80%, 100% and 120% of PWS of either forward or backward walking then a further 3-minutes walking forward at PWS (post). The order of walking speed in each visit was randomised and walking direction of each visit was randomised. An inertial measurement unit was placed over L5 vertebra to record tri-axial accelerations. From the trunk accelerations multiscale entropy, harmonic ratio and stride time variability were calculated to measure complexity, symmetry and variability for each walk. Complexity increased with increasing walking speed for all axes in forward and backward walking, and backward walking was less complex than forward walking. Stride time variability was also greater in backward than forward walking. Anterio-posterior and medio-lateral complexity increased following forward and backward walking but there was no difference between forward and backward walking post effects. No effects were found for harmonic ratio. These results suggest during backward walking trunk motion is rigidly controlled but central pattern generators responsible for temporal gait patterns are less refined for backward walking. However, in both directions complexity increased as speed increased suggesting additional constraint of trunk motion, normally characterised by reduced complexity, is not applied as speed increases.

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“…Therefore, the post-effect is not prevented by either a continuous or a post-stimulation visual reference. In this light, the present post-effect would be related to that elicited on body AP orientation by a period of brisk walking on a treadmill, where the post-effect tilt is present when standing both with eyes open and eyes closed, but is larger without vision [31,64]. Another study has shown that the effect of sensory manipulation producing a sway of the body in the frontal plane (by vestibular or cutaneous foot stimulation or the vibration of hip abductors) is not affected by the absence of normal visual information [65].…”

Section: The Effect Of Vision In the Post-stimulation Periodmentioning

confidence: 83%

Post-Effect on the Centre of Feet Pressure during Stance by Continuous Asymmetric Mediolateral Translations of a Supporting Platform—A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults

et al. 2020

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Various diseases are associated with the impaired control of the medio-lateral (ML) position of the centre of feet pressure (CoP), and several manoeuvres have been proposed for enhancing the CoP symmetry. Here, we assessed in healthy standing subjects the feasibility and outcome of a novel protocol entailing a reaction to a continuous asymmetric ML displacement (10 cm) of the support base. The periodic perturbation consisted of a fast half-cycle (0.5 Hz) followed by a slow half-cycle (0.18 Hz). One hundred successive horizontal translation cycles were delivered in sequence. Eyes were open or closed. CoP was recorded before, after, and during the stimulation by a dynamometric platform fixed onto the translating platform. We found that the post-stimulation CoP was displaced towards the direction of the fast half-cycles. The displacement lasted several tens of seconds. Vision did not affect the amplitude or duration of the post-stimulation effect. The magnitude of post-stimulation CoP displacement was related to the perturbation-induced ML motion of CoP recorded during the stimulation. Over the successive perturbation cycles, the time-course of this motion revealed an adaptation phenomenon. Vision moderately reduced the adaptation rate. The findings support the feasibility of the administration of a simple asymmetric balance perturbation protocol in clinical settings to help patients recover the symmetry of the CoP. This protocol needs to be further validated in older populations and in patients.

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Post-effect of forward and backward locomotion on body orientation in space during quiet stance

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Stepping in Place While Voluntarily Turning Around Produces a Long-Lasting Posteffect Consisting in Inadvertent Turning While Stepping Eyes Closed

Stepping in Place While Voluntarily Turning Around Produces a Long-Lasting Posteffect Consisting in Inadvertent Turning While Stepping Eyes Closed

Complexity, symmetry and variability of forward and backward walking at different speeds and transfer effects on forward walking: Implications for neural control

Post-Effect on the Centre of Feet Pressure during Stance by Continuous Asymmetric Mediolateral Translations of a Supporting Platform—A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults

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