Post-disaster stressful life events and WTC-related posttraumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and overall functioning among responders to the World Trade Center disaster

Zvolensky, Michael J.; Kotov, Roman; Schechter, Clyde B.; Gonzalez, Adam; Vujanovic, Anka A.; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Crane, Michael; Kaplan, Julia; Moline, Jacqueline; Southwick, Steven M.; Feder, Adriana; Udasin, Iris; Reissman, Dori B.; Luft, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.010

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As can be seen in Table 2, the primary risk factor for PTSD across most studies was trauma exposure, with greater severity and amount of trauma exposure associated with higher likelihood of PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Brackbill et al 2009; Berninger et al 2010 a ; Bowler et al 2012; Pietrzak et al 2014; Zvolensky et al 2015). Other notable risk factors included bereavement/traumatic loss (Pfeffer et al 2007; Brackbill et al 2009; Berninger et al 2010 a ), female gender (Silver et al 2005 a ; Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Bowler et al 2012; Zvolensky et al 2015), and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Bowler et al 2012; Pietrzak et al 2014; Zvolensky et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other notable risk factors included bereavement/traumatic loss (Pfeffer et al 2007; Brackbill et al 2009; Berninger et al 2010 a ), female gender (Silver et al 2005 a ; Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Bowler et al 2012; Zvolensky et al 2015), and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Bowler et al 2012; Pietrzak et al 2014; Zvolensky et al 2015). Previous trauma exposure or other history of psychopathology, low social support, and recent life stressors or ongoing stress post-9/11 was found to contribute to chronicity of PTSD (Silver et al 2005 a ; Adams & Boscarino, 2006; Pfeffer et al 2007; Neria et al 2010; Cukor et al 2011; Bowler et al 2012; Pietrzak et al 2014; Cone et al 2015; Zvolensky et al 2015). Notably, a repeat finding among longitudinal studies of first responders and rescue and recovery workers, whether traditional or non-traditional, was physical impairment and/or job loss related to 9/11 as a correlate of PTSD (Brackbill et al 2009; Berninger et al 2010 a , b ; Bowler et al 2012; Pietrzak et al 2014; Cone et al 2015; Zvolensky et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple articles using the same data set are listed only once. Zvolensky et al (2015) was excluded due to lack of information regarding specific time points. Studies that used a range of time points (e.g.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

et al. 2017

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Background The 11 September 2001 (9/11) attacks were unprecedented in magnitude and mental health impact. While a large body of research has emerged since the attacks, published reviews are few, and are limited by an emphasis on cross-sectional research, short time frame, and exclusion of treatment studies. Additionally, to date, there has been no systematic review of available longitudinal information as a unique data set. Consequently, knowledge regarding long-term trajectories of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among highly exposed populations, and whether available treatment approaches effectively address PTSD within the context of mass, man-made disaster, remains limited. Methods The present review aimed to address these gaps using a systematic review of peer-reviewed reports from October 2001 to May 2016. Eligible reports were of longitudinal studies of PTSD among highly exposed populations. We identified 20 reports of 9/11-related PTSD, including 13 longitudinal prevalence studies and seven treatment studies. Results Findings suggest a substantial burden of 9/11-related PTSD among those highly exposed to the attack, associated with a range of sociodemographic and back-ground factors, and characteristics of peri-event exposure. While most longitudinal studies show declining rates of prevalence of PTSD, studies of rescue/recovery workers have documented an increase over time. Treatment studies were few, and generally limited by methodological shortcomings, but support exposure-based therapies. Conclusion Future directions for research, treatment, and healthcare policy are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

et al. 2017

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“…Longitudinal studies have provided preliminary support for transactional associations between psychopathology and stress generation. For example, a recent study of first responders to the World Trade Center in New York City after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks found that depressive symptoms at initial assessment predicted later SLEs, such as financial or interpersonal problems, which were in turn associated with greater depression severity at a follow‐up assessment (Zvolensky et al., ). Similarly, in a sample of veterans with chronic PTSD, Sadeh et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress‐Generative Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Transactional Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Stressful Life Events in a Longitudinal Sample

Maniates

Stoop

Miller

et al. 2018

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Longitudinal studies have demonstrated transactional associations between psychopathology and stressful life events (SLEs), such that psychopathology predicts the occurrence of new SLEs, and SLEs in turn predict increasing symptom severity. The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specifically, and stress generation remains unclear. This study used temporally sequenced data from 116 veterans (87.9% male) to examine whether PTSD symptoms predicted new onset SLEs, and if these SLEs were associated with subsequent PTSD severity. The SLEs were objectively rated, using a clinician-administered interview and consensus-rating approach, to assess the severity, frequency, and personal dependence (i.e., if the event was due to factors that were independent of or dependent on the individual) of new-onset SLEs. A series of mediation models were tested, and results provided evidence for moderated mediation whereby baseline PTSD severity robustly predicted personally dependent SLEs, B = 0.03, p = .006, and dependent SLEs predicted increases in follow-up PTSD symptom severity, B = -0.04, p = .003, among participants with relatively lower baseline PTSD severity. After we controlled for baseline PTSD severity, personality traits marked by low constraint (i.e., high impulsivity) were also associated with an increased number of dependent SLEs. Our results provide evidence for a stress-generative role of PTSD and highlight the importance of developing interventions aimed at reducing the occurrence of personally dependent stressors.

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“…In addition to medical monitoring, the World Trade Center Health Program also pays for treatment of a wide variety of health conditions provided that a program physician determines that 9/11-related exposures were a significant factor in causing or exacerbating the condition. Numerous studies have been published in the peer-reviewed medical literature using data collected by the World Trade Center Health Program and related World Trade Center Health Registry [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. As with the FMMP, the World Trade Center Health Program is an extensive program, which may be more reflective of American sentiments towards World Trade Center responders than strict scientific principles, with funding in excess of $1 billion.…”

Section: World Trade Center Health Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implementation of medical monitoring programs following potentially hazardous exposures: a medico-legal perspective

Vearrier

Greenberg

2017

Clinical Toxicology

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Context: Clinical toxicologists may be called upon to determine the appropriateness of medical monitoring following documented or purported exposures to toxicants in the occupational, environmental, and medical settings. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database using the Ovid V R search engine for the following terms cross-referenced to the MeSH database: ("occupational exposures" OR "environmental exposures") AND ("physiologic monitoring" OR "population surveillance"). The titles and abstracts of the resulted articles were reviewed for relevance. We expanded our search to include non-peer-reviewed publications and gray literature and resources using the same terms as utilized in the MEDLINE search. There were a total of 48 relevant peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications. Publications excluded contained no information relevant to medical monitoring following potentially harmful toxicologic exposures, discussed only worker screening/surveillance and/or population biomonitoring, contained redundant information, or were superseded by more recent information.

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Post-disaster stressful life events and WTC-related posttraumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and overall functioning among responders to the World Trade Center disaster

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

Stress‐Generative Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Transactional Associations Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Stressful Life Events in a Longitudinal Sample

The implementation of medical monitoring programs following potentially hazardous exposures: a medico-legal perspective

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