Post-Disaster Stress Following the Oklahoma City Bombing

Sprang, Ginny

doi:10.1177/088626099014002005

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…8 Studies that examined family members of those exposed to the blast suggest an appreciable impact on PTSD symptoms in these individuals, which is consistent with other disaster research. 9 …”

Section: Oklahoma City Researchsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Mental Health Needs in New York State Following the September 11th Attacks

Herman

Felton

Süsser

2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

107

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Section: Oklahoma City Researchsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The rate was determined by adjusting down the findings of the CUES study for residents of neighborhoods outside the vicinity of the World Trade Center (8%) and the rate (7.8%) reported for Oklahoma City residents who did not see, hear, or feel that bomb blast. 8 …”

Section: Category 3: Residents Of New York Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Needs in New York State Following the September 11th Attacks

Herman

Felton

Süsser

2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

107

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“…Finland, the country of study in this paper, is a small and relatively secure society, geographically remote from the events of September 11, 2001. As such, our participants were comparatively removed from the long-term consequences of the WTC attacks (Sprang, 1999). In line with Vertzberger's (1997) pendulum hypothesis, we propose the following:…”

Section: Research Design and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Values Following a Major Terrorist Incident: Finnish Adolescent and Student Values Before and After September 11, 2001

Verkasalo

Goodwin

Bezmenova

2006

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The horrific terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, left an indelible mark on perceptions of security and threat across the world. This paper uses Schwartz's (1992) value circumplex model to examine value change across matched high school and university student samples in Finland, questioned before and after the World Trade Center (WTC) and associated attacks. In Study 1 (N 5 419), security values of adolescents were higher the day following the WTC attacks than before, but fell back toward pre-attack levels in the subsequent two samples. In contrast, levels of stimulation were lower following the terrorist incidents. In Study 2 (N 5 222), security levels of students were also higher following the WTC attacks, but again were closer to pre-attack levels in a subsequent cohort.The study of values has reemerged as a major topic for social psychological investigation in the past decade, with value systems seen as an important superordinate cognitive structure with considerable implications for individual behavior (Rohan, 2000;Schwartz & Bilsky, 1990). A variety of ecological life circumstancesFincluding political structure, historical experiences, and even climatic conditionsFhas been seen as central to the formation of value priorities (Hofstede, 2001;Schwartz, Bardi, & Bianchi, 2000), with adaptation and change in value priorities taking place through both the reinforcement contingencies offered by life circumstances and the individual's desire to fulfill outstanding deficit needs (Maslow, 1970;Schwartz & Bardi, 1997 Value change is usually seen as taking place over a relatively long time period, typically decades (De Vos, 1997;Hofstede, 2001), with value stability reinforced by occupational class structures that maintain value consistency across generations (Kohn, Naoi, Schoenbach, Schooler, & Slomczynski, 1990;Morgan, Alwin, & Griffin, 1979). Indeed, even when social and political structures undergo radical restructuring, as has been the case over the last decade in Central and Eastern Europe, there has been little evidence of significant value change (Schwartz et al., 2000).However, what happens to values in the short term, following a major traumatic and public event? The systematic study of the consequences of collective trauma following political violence is a relatively new topic of study (Ladd & Cairns, 1996;Raviv, Sadeh, Raviv, Silberstein, & Diver, 2000). Traumatic life events can challenge an individual's assumptive world, undermining implicit but fundamental beliefs and values (Janoff-Bulman, 1989). Clinical studies following terrorist incidents suggest a greater concern for family and personal safety following the witnessing of a terrorist incident (e.g., Applewhite & Dickins, 1997).Raviv and colleagues (Raviv, Raviv, Sadeh, & Silberstein, 1998;Raviv et al., 2000) studied school students' reactions to the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, both immediately after the murder and 5 months later, as well as responses to a series of terrorist attacks in Israel. Their find...

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“…[2,3] When a largescale disaster strikes, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related postdisaster mental disorders will develop on a large scale. [4][5][6] There is now a large body literature to show that a variety of traumatic experiences can cause significant psychological difficulties for large numbers of people. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A range of psychological difficulties may develop following trauma in exposed individuals, including acute stress disorder and PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%