Post-delamination magmatism in south-central Anatolia

Gall, Helen; Furman, Tanya; Hanan, B. B.; Kurkcuoglu, B.; Sayıt, Kaan; Yürür, Tekin; Sjoblom, Megan Pickard; Şen, Erdal; Şen, Pınar

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106299

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the emplacement of studied monogenetic complexes along the probable parallel dike intrusions is also in line with the significant role of tectonism in the widespread Quaternary volcanism in the CAVP (Toprak and Göncüoğlu, 1993;Toprak, 1998;Higgins et al, 2015;Uslular et al, 2021). As for the recent discussions on the lithology of mantle source in the CAVP suggesting a pyroxenite inheritance (Gall et al, 2021;Gençoğlu-Korkmaz et al, 2021), we could not provide any contribution with our findings on the mafic İcik maar due to its slightly evolved composition. However, it is evident from the olivine compositions of EMF alkali basalts, which are close to both pyroxenite-and peridotite-bearing mantle sources (Herzberg, 2011;Søager et al, 2015) (Supplementary Figure S5A).…”

Section: Magma Source Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Most studies in the CAVP focus on the petrological evolution of the widespread volcanism (since ~13 Ma), which remains heavily debated. The main issue is the lack of a clear transition from orogenic to anorogenic volcanism contrary to most post-collisional settings (Lustrino and Wilson, 2007) and the suggested inheritance of a metasomatic mantle source to explain the geochemical signature of the volcanic products (Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu and Geneli, 2010;Reid et al, 2017;Di Giuseppe et al, 2018;Doğan-Külahçı et al, 2018;Rabayrol et al, 2019;Uslular and Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu, 2019;Gall et al, 2021). Maars have received much less attention, with so far only a few studies aiming at deciphering their physical and geochemical characteristics (Keller, 1974;Gevrek and Kazancı, 2000;Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu et al, 2007;Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu, 2011), despite the presence of various deposits and morphologies and both felsic and mafic maars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New findings on compositionally distinct maar volcanoes: A case study from Acıgöl (Nevşehir) caldera (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

et al. 2022

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Recent experiments have largely reshaped our knowledge of maar volcanism. A new evolutionary model promoting the role of explosion depth and vent migration during the formation of maars has provided an alternative approach to previous models. Despite a few attempts to test this model with real cases, there is still a need for field-based studies exploring the depositional characteristics of maars to better understand the factors affecting the model constraints. More investigations on less known felsic maars are required to elucidate the possible differences from their more common mafic counterparts. Here, we explore compositionally distinct monogenetic clusters within the Acıgöl caldera (NW of Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, CAVP), with four felsic maars (İnallı, Kalecitepe, Acıgöl, and Korudağ) and one mafic maar (İcik). Our field observations reveal a successive formation between rhyolitic maars and adjacent lava domes. The mugearitic İcik coalescent maar and the adjacent scoria cone are synchronously formed, which is disclosed by the intercalation of the maar and scoria cone deposits. The geochemistry of the maar juveniles suggests a parental basaltic magma source that has been possibly differentiated by varying degrees of fractional crystallization. Our findings identify the main factors in maar formation (i.e., optimum scaled depth-OSD, water-magma interaction, and basement lithology). We also determine some differences between the felsic and mafic maars in the region, such as higher juvenile content, less amount of sedimentary structure, and a clear transition from phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions through the end of stratigraphy. All these reflect the complexity of maars, mainly formed by different depths of explosions that occurred in the shallowest few hundred meters rather than a systematic incremental decrease of the eruption locus. Further geophysical and geochronological studies will complete our proposed evolutionary model for the youngest monogenetic activity in the Acıgöl caldera that would also warrant volcanic hazard assessment due to the presence of low-velocity anomalies, shallow Curie depths, and prevalent geothermal activity.

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Section: Magma Source Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on compositionally distinct maar volcanoes: A case study from Acıgöl (Nevşehir) caldera (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

et al. 2022

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“…3A). Our new samples collectively have Sr-Nd isotopic values that fall within the previously published range of Miocene and younger Central Anatolian mafic lavas (Wilson et al, 1997;Kürkçüoğlu et al, 2001;Parlak et al, 2001;Alici et al, 2002;Reid et al, 2017;DiGiuseppe et al, 2018;Gall et al, 2021). The Sr-Nd isotopic ranges for each volcanic area are restricted and define strong correlations (Fig.…”

Section: Radiogenic Sr Nd Pb and Hf Isotopessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…8) as reflecting melting along the top of the descending, delaminated Tethyan slab in response to the ascent of warm asthenosphere (ambient mantle) through a tear in the subducted slab as imaged beneath Central Anatolia (Gans et al, 2009;Biryol et al, 2011). Farther south at Hasandağ, the Aegean slab displays multiple tears and fractures through and around which upwelling circum-Mediterranean asthenospheric mantle rises; heating along the base of the subcontinental lithosphere supports delamination melting at shallow levels (Reid et al, 2017;Gall et al, 2021) and may also affect sediments remaining along the delaminated slab itself at greater depth. Tectonic extension in the overlying plate likely also causes the asthenospheric material to rise to shallower depths and melt upon decompression.…”

Section: Implications For the Geodynamic Evolution Of Anatoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains

et al. 2021

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We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from the Sivas, Develidağ, Erciyes, and Erkilet volcanic complexes in central Turkey and Tendürek in eastern Turkey to evaluate the mantle sources for volcanism in the context of the geodynamic evolution of the Anatolian microplate. Early Miocene through Quaternary volcanism in Western Anatolia and latest Miocene through Quaternary activity in Central Anatolia were dominated by contributions from two distinct source regions: heterogeneous metasomatized or subduction-modified lithosphere, and roughly homogeneous sublithospheric ambient upper mantle; we model the source contributions through mixing between three end members. The sublithospheric mantle source plots close to the Northern Hemisphere reference line (NHRL) with radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb of ∼19.15, while the other contributions plot substantially above the NHRL in Pb isotope space. The lithospheric source is heterogeneous, resulting from variable pollution by subduction-related processes likely including direct incorporation of sediment and/or mélange; its range in radiogenic isotopes is defined by regional oceanic sediment and ultrapotassic melts of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The geochemical impact of this contribution is disproportionately large, given that subduction-modified lithosphere and/or ocean sediment dominates the Pb isotope signatures of mafic Anatolian lavas. Subduction of the Aegean or Tethyan seafloor, associated with marked crustal shortening, took place throughout the region until ca. 16–17 Ma, after which time broad delamination of the thickened lower crust and/or the Tethyan slab beneath Central Anatolia allowed for sediment and/or mélange and slab-derived fluids to be released into the overlying evolving modified mantle. Aggregation of melts derived from both mantle and lithospheric domains was made possible by upwelling of warm asthenospheric material moving around and through the complexly torn younger Aegean-Cyprean slab that dips steeply to the north beneath southern Anatolia.

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“…Though the existence of past flat slab events and their potential effects on upper‐crustal strain and volcanism are still debated (e.g., DeCelles, Zandt, et al., 2015), the hypothesis provides an alternative explanation involving more traditional plate tectonic processes. It is also likely that drip‐ and slab‐related deformation and volcanism are not mutually exclusive, as slab rollback and breakoff can induce lithospheric melting (Furman et al., 2021; Gall et al., 2021) and foundering (Smith et al., 2017). Dehydration of subducted crust, especially in flat slab settings, can also metasomatize and weaken the mantle lithosphere, allowing it to founder (Kusky et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Styles of Lithospheric Dripping: Synthesizing Gravitational Instability Models, Continental Tectonics, and Geologic Observations

McMillan

Schoenbohm

2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Modern geology is based on the understanding developed since the 1960s that the deformation of Earth's crust is largely caused by translation and rotation of rigid plates of lithosphere, and therefore occurs in relatively narrow zones near the edges of these plates (e.g., Burke, 2011;Royden, 1993). However, it has long been noted that the plate tectonic paradigm has difficulty explaining the geology of continental interiors, where significant crustal deformation can occur in diffuse belts far from plate boundaries (Molnar, 1988). Ongoing research in tectonics, geodynamics, and intraplate volcanism seeks to understand the evolution of major, continental-scale features and the extent to which they depend on plate-boundary stresses or other processes such as lithospheric dynamics (e.g.,

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Post-delamination magmatism in south-central Anatolia

Cited by 12 publications

References 86 publications

New findings on compositionally distinct maar volcanoes: A case study from Acıgöl (Nevşehir) caldera (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

New findings on compositionally distinct maar volcanoes: A case study from Acıgöl (Nevşehir) caldera (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains

Diverse Styles of Lithospheric Dripping: Synthesizing Gravitational Instability Models, Continental Tectonics, and Geologic Observations

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